Vulnerabilities in pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76
Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-46589 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) apache tomcat improper input validation vulnerability (CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache tomcat improper input validation vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96.

33 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote

33 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76 CVE-2023-46589 HIGH Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability
GHSA-fpj8-gq4v-p354 CVE-2025-66614 MODERATE Apache Tomcat - Client certificate verification bypass
GHSA-r29c-68gh-xp6x CVE-2026-41293 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat - HTTP/2 request headers not validated
GHSA-j39c-c8hj-x4j3 CVE-2021-25122 HIGH Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-7jqf-v358-p8g7 CVE-2024-38286 HIGH Apache Tomcat Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability
GHSA-4j3c-42xv-3f84 CVE-2025-52434 MODERATE Apache Tomcat is vulnerable to resource exhaustion when using the APR/Native connector
GHSA-qq5r-98hh-rxc9 CVE-2026-24733 LOW Apache Tomcat - Security constraint bypass with HTTP/0.9
GHSA-f4qf-m5gf-8jm8 CVE-2024-21733 MODERATE Apache Tomcat vulnerable to Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
GHSA-hfrx-6qgj-fp6c CVE-2023-24998 HIGH Apache Commons FileUpload denial of service vulnerability
GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x CVE-2023-45648 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability
GHSA-69cc-cv78-qc8g CVE-2026-29129 HIGH Apache Tomcat: Configured cipher preference order not preserved
GHSA-563x-q5rq-57qp CVE-2026-24880 HIGH Apache Tomcat has an HTTP Request/Response Smuggling vulnerability
GHSA-vf77-8h7g-gghp CVE-2020-13934 HIGH Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-qcxh-w3j9-58qr CVE-2019-0199 HIGH Apache Tomcat Denial of Service vulnerability
GHSA-gqp3-2cvr-x8m3 CVE-2025-48989 HIGH Apache Tomcat Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability
GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3 CVE-2023-44487 MODERATE HTTP/2 Stream Cancellation Attack
GHSA-8mc5-53m5-3qj2 CVE-2026-32990 MODERATE Apache Tomcat has an Improper Input Validation vulnerability
GHSA-mgp5-rv84-w37q CVE-2026-24734 HIGH Apache Tomcat has an Improper Input Validation vulnerability
GHSA-25xr-qj8w-c4vf CVE-2025-53506 HIGH Apache Tomcat Coyote vulnerable to Denial of Service via excessive HTTP/2 streams
GHSA-3p2h-wqq4-wf4h CVE-2025-31650 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Denial of Service via invalid HTTP priority header
GHSA-wm9w-rjj3-j356 CVE-2024-34750 HIGH Apache Tomcat - Denial of Service
GHSA-7w75-32cg-r6g2 CVE-2024-24549 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Denial of Service due to improper input validation vulnerability for HTTP/2 requests
GHSA-475f-74wp-pqv5 CVE-2014-0075 MODERATE Integer Overflow or Wraparound in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-jm7m-8jh6-29hp CVE-2023-42794 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Incomplete Cleanup vulnerability
GHSA-qvf5-hvjx-wm27 CVE-2024-52317 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Request and/or response mix-up
GHSA-mppv-79ch-vw6q CVE-2023-34981 HIGH Apache Tomcat vulnerable to information leak
GHSA-cx6h-86xw-9x34 CVE-2023-28709 HIGH Apache Tomcat - Fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete
GHSA-p22x-g9px-3945 CVE-2022-42252 HIGH Apache Tomcat may reject request containing invalid Content-Length header
GHSA-9hg2-395j-83rm CVE-2017-5651 CRITICAL Expected Behavior Violation in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-vvw4-rfwf-p6hx CVE-2020-17527 HIGH Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-jc7p-5r39-9477 CVE-2016-6816 HIGH Improper Input Validation in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-wf5v-jhxj-q632 CVE-2014-0095 MODERATE Denial of service in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-f268-65qc-98vg CVE-2020-13943 MODERATE Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in Apache Tomcat

CVE-2023-46589 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-46589
GHSA Identifier GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2023-46589

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 11.0.0-M11
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.0-M11</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 10.1.16
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.16</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 9.0.83
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.83</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 8.5.96
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.96</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 11.0.0-M11
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.0-M11</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 10.1.16
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.16</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.83
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.83</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 8.5.96
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.96</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: 11.0.0-M11
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.0-M11</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2023-46589, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 11.0.0-M11), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling'), where the product acts as an intermediary http agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed http requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82, and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.

CVE-2023-46589 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

9 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
11.0.0-M1110.1.169.0.838.5.96
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.0-M11
11.0.0-M11
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.16
10.1.16
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 9.0.0-M1
< 9.0.83
9.0.83
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
< 8.5.96
8.5.96
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.0-M11
11.0.0-M11
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.16
10.1.16
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.0-M1
< 9.0.83
9.0.83
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
< 8.5.96
8.5.96
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.0-M11
11.0.0-M11

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-46589?
CVE-2023-46589 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling').
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote.
What version fixes CVE-2023-46589?
Upgrading to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-catalina affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina is affected in releases prior to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96. Upgrade your dependency to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 or later.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96. Upgrade your dependency to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-46589?
CVE-2023-46589 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-46589?
CVE-2023-46589 is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') (The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2023-46589?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
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  "id" : "GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76",
  "modified" : "2026-10-02T20:14:53Z",
  "published" : "2023-11-28T18:30:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-46589" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability",
  "details" : "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82, and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
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    },
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  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46589"
  }, {
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    "url" : "https://lists.apache.org/thread/0rqq6ktozqc42ro8hhxdmmdjm1k1tpxr"
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    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00001.html"
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    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231214-0009"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html"
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    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://tomcat.apache.org/security-8.html"
  }, {
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  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/28/2"
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    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/28/2"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
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    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2023-11-28T23:28:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2023-11-28T16:15:06Z"
  }
}