CVE-2025-53506: Apache Tomcat Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-25xr-qj8w-c4vf
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-400
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-53506 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache tomcat coyote vulnerable to denial of service via excessive http/2 streams. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 11.0.9, 10.1.43, 9.0.107.

CVE-2025-53506 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-53506
GHSA Identifier GHSA-25xr-qj8w-c4vf
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-53506

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: 11.0.9 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.9</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: 10.1.43 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.43</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: 9.0.107 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.107</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.107 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.107</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 10.1.43 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.43</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 11.0.9 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.9</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-53506, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 11.0.9), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, where the product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Tomcat if an HTTP/2 client did not acknowledge the initial settings frame that reduces the maximum permitted concurrent streams. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.8, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.42, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.9, 10.1.43 or 9.0.107, which fix the issue.

CVE-2025-53506 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

8 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
11.0.910.1.439.0.107
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.9
11.0.9
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.43
10.1.43
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 9.0.0.M1
< 9.0.107
9.0.107
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
≤ 8.5.100
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
≤ 8.5.100
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.0.M1
< 9.0.107
9.0.107
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.43
10.1.43
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.9
11.0.9

References

NVD — CVE-2025-53506 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53506
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/2aa6261276ebe50b99276953591e3a2be7898bdb
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/434772930f362145516dd60681134e7f0cf8115b
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/be8f330f83ceddaf3baeed57522e571572b6b99b
Apache Tomcat Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
lists.apache.org/thread/p09775q0rd18... WEB
https://lists.apache.org/thread/p09775q0rd185m6zz98krg0fp45j8kr0
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/10/13

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-53506?
CVE-2025-53506 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Apache Tomcat Coyote vulnerable to Denial of Service via excessive HTTP/2 streams under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 11.0.9, 10.1.43, 9.0.107 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core.
What version fixes CVE-2025-53506?
Upgrading to 11.0.9, 10.1.43, 9.0.107 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-coyote affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote is affected in releases prior to 11.0.9, 10.1.43, 9.0.107, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 11.0.9, 10.1.43, 9.0.107, Latest secure release or later.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release, 9.0.107, 10.1.43, 11.0.9. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release, 9.0.107, 10.1.43, 11.0.9 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-53506?
CVE-2025-53506 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-53506?
CVE-2025-53506 is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-53506?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-25xr-qj8w-c4vf",
  "modified" : "2026-03-06T21:34:42Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-10T21:31:53Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-53506" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Tomcat Coyote vulnerable to Denial of Service via excessive HTTP/2 streams",
  "details" : "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Tomcat if an HTTP/2 client did not acknowledge the initial settings frame that reduces the maximum permitted concurrent streams.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.8, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.42, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.9, 10.1.43 or 9.0.107, which fix the issue.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "11.0.0-M1"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "11.0.9"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
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    },
    "ranges" : [ {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
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    "ranges" : [ {
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    } ]
  }, {
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    },
    "ranges" : [ {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
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    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
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      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.0.107"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "10.1.0-M1"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "10.1.43"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "11.0.0-M1"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "11.0.9"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53506"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/2aa6261276ebe50b99276953591e3a2be7898bdb"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/434772930f362145516dd60681134e7f0cf8115b"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/be8f330f83ceddaf3baeed57522e571572b6b99b"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.apache.org/thread/p09775q0rd185m6zz98krg0fp45j8kr0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/10/13"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-400" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-07-11T13:50:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-07-10T20:15:26Z"
  }
}