Vulnerabilities in pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76
Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-46589 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) apache tomcat improper input validation vulnerability (CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache tomcat improper input validation vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96.

41 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina

41 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76 CVE-2023-46589 HIGH Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability
GHSA-h3x4-894j-xpx5 CVE-2026-68525 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat's FORM authentication process has an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability
GHSA-9xv2-5v5q-p794 CVE-2026-65905 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat's DIGEST authenticator has an Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability
GHSA-gcx9-497g-6cp6 CVE-2026-65182 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat has an Improper Access Control, Incorrect Authorization vulnerability
GHSA-344f-f5vg-2jfj CVE-2020-9484 HIGH Potential remote code execution in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-23hv-mwm6-g8jf CVE-2025-55668 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Session Fixation vulnerability
GHSA-hfrx-6qgj-fp6c CVE-2023-24998 HIGH Apache Commons FileUpload denial of service vulnerability
GHSA-jjpq-gp5q-8q6w CVE-2019-0221 MODERATE Cross-site scripting in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-g8pj-r55q-5c2v CVE-2023-42795 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Incomplete Cleanup vulnerability
GHSA-q3mw-pvr8-9ggc CVE-2023-41080 MODERATE Apache Tomcat Open Redirect vulnerability
GHSA-5m62-pw8w-7w9f CVE-2026-43515 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat - Security constraints not correctly applied
GHSA-9m89-8frq-c98c CVE-2026-43514 LOW Apache Tomcat - AJP secret compared in non-constant time
GHSA-h6fc-48rj-7qqh CVE-2026-43512 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat - Digest authenticator will authenticate any unknown user
GHSA-5mp6-jrq3-r938 CVE-2026-43513 HIGH Apache Tomcat: LockOutRealm treats user names as case-sensitive
GHSA-fv25-8xcx-gqjc CVE-2026-42498 HIGH Apache Tomcat - WebSocket authentication header exposure
GHSA-gx5v-xp9w-j4cg CVE-2026-41284 HIGH Apache Tomcat: Unbounded read in WebDAV LOCK and PROPFIND handling
GHSA-hgrr-935x-pq79 CVE-2025-61795 LOW Apache Tomcat Vulnerable to Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
GHSA-wmwf-9ccg-fff5 CVE-2025-55752 HIGH Apache Tomcat Vulnerable to Relative Path Traversal
GHSA-vfww-5hm6-hx2j CVE-2025-55754 LOW Apache Tomcat Vulnerable to Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
GHSA-rv64-5gf8-9qq8 CVE-2026-34483 HIGH Apache Tomcat has an Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the JsonAccessLogValve
GHSA-9m3c-qcxr-9x87 CVE-2026-25854 MODERATE Apache Tomcat has an Open Redirect vulnerability
GHSA-wr62-c79q-cv37 CVE-2025-52520 HIGH Apache Tomcat Catalina is vulnerable to DoS attack through bypassing of size limits
GHSA-2c9m-w27f-53rm CVE-2023-28708 MODERATE Apache Tomcat vulnerable to Unprotected Transport of Credentials
GHSA-wc4r-xq3c-5cf3 CVE-2025-49125 MODERATE Apache Tomcat - Security constraint bypass for pre/post-resources
GHSA-h2fw-rfh5-95r3 CVE-2025-46701 LOW Apache Tomcat - CGI security constraint bypass
GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr CVE-2025-31651 LOW Apache Tomcat Rewrite rule bypass
GHSA-27hp-xhwr-wr2m CVE-2024-56337 HIGH Apache Tomcat Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability
GHSA-h3gc-qfqq-6h8f CVE-2025-48988 HIGH Apache Tomcat - DoS in multipart upload
GHSA-5j33-cvvr-w245 CVE-2024-50379 HIGH Apache Tomcat Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability
GHSA-xcpr-7mr4-h4xq CVE-2024-52316 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat - Authentication Bypass
GHSA-42wg-hm62-jcwg CVE-2025-49124 MODERATE Apache Tomcat installer for Windows has an untrusted search path vulnerability
GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat: Potential RCE and/or information disclosure and/or information corruption with partial PUT
GHSA-cw54-59pw-4g8c CVE-2016-8735 CRITICAL Apache Tomcat Improper Access Control vulnerability
GHSA-xjgh-84hx-56c5 CVE-2017-12617 HIGH Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Apache Tomcat
GHSA-prc3-7f44-w48j CVE-2014-0119 MODERATE Missing XML Validation in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-qprx-q2r7-3rx6 CVE-2014-0096 MODERATE Improper Input Validation in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-rq2w-37h9-vg94 CVE-2022-45143 HIGH Apache Tomcat improperly escapes input from JsonErrorReportValve
GHSA-3vx3-xf6q-r5xp CVE-2017-5648 CRITICAL Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-v646-rx6w-r3qq CVE-2016-5388 HIGH Improper Access Control in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-9xrj-439h-62hg CVE-2012-5886 MODERATE Improper Authentication in Apache Tomcat
GHSA-8qq4-8jvq-mfw4 CVE-2017-12616 HIGH Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in Apache Tomcat

CVE-2023-46589 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-46589
GHSA Identifier GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2023-46589

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 11.0.0-M11
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.0-M11</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 10.1.16
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.16</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 9.0.83
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.83</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 8.5.96
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.96</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 11.0.0-M11
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.0-M11</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 10.1.16
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.16</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.83
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.83</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 8.5.96
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.96</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: 11.0.0-M11
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.0-M11</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2023-46589, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 11.0.0-M11), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling'), where the product acts as an intermediary http agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed http requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82, and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.

CVE-2023-46589 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

9 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
11.0.0-M1110.1.169.0.838.5.96
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.0-M11
11.0.0-M11
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.16
10.1.16
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 9.0.0-M1
< 9.0.83
9.0.83
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
< 8.5.96
8.5.96
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.0-M11
11.0.0-M11
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.16
10.1.16
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.0-M1
< 9.0.83
9.0.83
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
< 8.5.96
8.5.96
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.0-M11
11.0.0-M11

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-46589?
CVE-2023-46589 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling').
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote.
What version fixes CVE-2023-46589?
Upgrading to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-catalina affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina is affected in releases prior to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96. Upgrade your dependency to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 or later.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96. Upgrade your dependency to 11.0.0-M11, 10.1.16, 9.0.83, 8.5.96 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-46589?
CVE-2023-46589 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-46589?
CVE-2023-46589 is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') (The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2023-46589?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
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  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76",
  "modified" : "2026-10-02T20:14:53Z",
  "published" : "2023-11-28T18:30:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-46589" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Tomcat Improper Input Validation vulnerability",
  "details" : "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82, and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
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  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46589"
  }, {
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    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00001.html"
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    "url" : "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/28/2"
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  "database_specific" : {
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    "severity" : "HIGH",
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    "nvd_published_at" : "2023-11-28T16:15:06Z"
  }
}