CVE-2025-52434: Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-4j3c-42xv-3f84
Share
CVSS 7.5
CWE-362
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-52434 is a MODERATE (CVSS 7.5) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache tomcat is vulnerable to resource exhaustion when using the apr/native connector. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 9.0.107.

CVE-2025-52434 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-52434
GHSA Identifier GHSA-4j3c-42xv-3f84
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-52434

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: 9.0.107 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.107</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.107 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.107</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-52434, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 9.0.107), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition'), where the product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat when using the APR/Native connector. This was particularly noticeable with client initiated closes of HTTP/2 connections. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.107, which fixes the issue.

CVE-2025-52434 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

4 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
9.0.107
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 9.0.0.M1
< 9.0.107
9.0.107
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
≤ 8.5.100
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.0.M1
< 9.0.107
9.0.107
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
≤ 8.5.100

References

NVD — CVE-2025-52434 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52434
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/8a83c3c42d20762782678932c14005cd3397a018
Apache Tomcat Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
lists.apache.org/thread/gxgh65004f25... WEB
https://lists.apache.org/thread/gxgh65004f25y8519coth6w7vchww030
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/10/11

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-52434?
CVE-2025-52434 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Apache Tomcat is vulnerable to resource exhaustion when using the APR/Native connector under CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition').
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 9.0.107 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core.
What version fixes CVE-2025-52434?
Upgrading to 9.0.107 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-coyote affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote is affected in releases prior to 9.0.107, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 9.0.107, Latest secure release or later.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to 9.0.107, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 9.0.107, Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-52434?
CVE-2025-52434 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-52434?
CVE-2025-52434 is classified under CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition') (The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-52434?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
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  "id" : "GHSA-4j3c-42xv-3f84",
  "modified" : "2026-07-01T16:16:51Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-10T21:31:52Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-52434" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Tomcat is vulnerable to resource exhaustion when using the APR/Native connector",
  "details" : "Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat when using the APR/Native connector. This was particularly noticeable with client initiated closes of HTTP/2 connections.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106.  The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.107, which fixes the issue.",
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  } ],
  "references" : [ {
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    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.apache.org/thread/gxgh65004f25y8519coth6w7vchww030"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/10/11"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
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    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-07-10T22:55:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-07-10T19:15:25Z"
  }
}