CVE-2025-46701: Apache Tomcat Apache Tomcat - CGI Security Vulnerability

LOW
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-h2fw-rfh5-95r3
Share
CWE-178
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-46701 is a LOW apache tomcat - cgi security vulnerability (CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache tomcat - cgi security constraint bypass. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7.

CVE-2025-46701 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-46701
GHSA Identifier GHSA-h2fw-rfh5-95r3
Severity LOW
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-46701

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 9.0.105 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.105</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 10.1.41 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.41</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 11.0.7 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.7</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.105 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.105</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 10.1.41 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.41</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 11.0.7 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>11.0.7</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-46701, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 9.0.105), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity, where the product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's GCI servlet allows security constraint bypass of security constraints that apply to the pathInfo component of a URI mapped to the CGI servlet. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.6, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.40, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.104. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.7, 10.1.41 or 9.0.105, which fixes the issue.

CVE-2025-46701 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

8 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
9.0.10510.1.4111.0.7
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 9.0.0.M1
< 9.0.105
9.0.105
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.41
10.1.41
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.7
11.0.7
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.0.M1
< 9.0.105
9.0.105
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 10.1.0-M1
< 10.1.41
10.1.41
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 11.0.0-M1
< 11.0.7
11.0.7
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
≤ 8.5.100
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.5.0
≤ 8.5.100

References

NVD — CVE-2025-46701 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46701
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/0f01966eb60015d975525019e12a087f05ebf01a
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/238d2aa54b99f91d1111467e2237d2244c64e558
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/2c6800111e7d8d8d5403c07978ea9bff3db5a5a5
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/8cb95ff03221067c511b3fa66d4f745bc4b0a605
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/8df00018a252baa9497615d6420fb6c10466fa74
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/fab7247d2f0e3a29d5daef565f829f383e10e5e2
Apache Tomcat Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
lists.apache.org/thread/xhqqk9w5q45s... WEB
https://lists.apache.org/thread/xhqqk9w5q45srcdqhogdk04lhdscv30j
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_10.1.41
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_11.0.7
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_9.0.105
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/4

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-46701?
CVE-2025-46701 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Apache Tomcat - CGI security constraint bypass under CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity.
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core.
What version fixes CVE-2025-46701?
Upgrading to 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-catalina affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina is affected in releases prior to 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7, Latest secure release or later.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 9.0.105, 10.1.41, 11.0.7, Latest secure release or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-46701?
CVE-2025-46701 is classified under CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity (The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-46701?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-h2fw-rfh5-95r3",
  "modified" : "2025-11-03T22:57:59Z",
  "published" : "2025-05-29T21:31:37Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-46701" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Tomcat - CGI security constraint bypass",
  "details" : "Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's GCI servlet allows security constraint bypass of security constraints that apply to the pathInfo component of a URI mapped to the CGI servlet.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.6, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.40, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.104. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.7, 10.1.41 or 9.0.105, which fixes the issue.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/U:Clear"
  } ],
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    },
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      } ]
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  } ],
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  }, {
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  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
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    "severity" : "LOW",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-05-29T22:37:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-05-29T19:15:27Z"
  }
}