CVE-2022-45143: Apache Tomcat Apache Tomcat Improperly Escapes Input Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-rq2w-37h9-vg94
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-116 CWE-74
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2022-45143 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) apache tomcat improperly escapes input vulnerability (CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output) affecting Apache Tomcat libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves apache tomcat improperly escapes input from jsonerrorreportvalve. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 8.5.84, 9.0.69, 10.1.2.

CVE-2022-45143 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2022-45143
GHSA Identifier GHSA-rq2w-37h9-vg94
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Affected Product Apache Tomcat
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2022-45143

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Apache Tomcat dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 8.5.84 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.84</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 9.0.69 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.69</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core fixed: 10.1.2 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.2</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina fixed: 10.1.2 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.2</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util fixed: 8.5.84 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-util</artifactId>
    <version>8.5.84</version>
</dependency>
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util fixed: 9.0.69 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-util</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.69</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2022-45143, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Apache Tomcat in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 8.5.84), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output, where the product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. as a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved. In Apache Tomcat, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The `JsonErrorReportValve` in Apache Tomcat 8.5.83, 9.0.40 to 9.0.68 and 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.1 does not escape the `type`, `message` or `description` values. In some circumstances these are constructed from user provided data and it was therefore possible for users to supply values that invalidated or manipulated the JSON output.

CVE-2022-45143 Affected Apache Tomcat Versions

6 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
8.5.849.0.6910.1.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 8.5.83
< 8.5.84
All 1 versions
8.5.83
8.5.84
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 9.0.40
< 9.0.69
9.0.69
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core
maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core
Maven
≥ 10.1.0
< 10.1.2
10.1.2
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina
Maven
≥ 10.1.0
< 10.1.2
10.1.2
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-util
Maven
≥ 8.5.83
< 8.5.84
All 1 versions
8.5.83
8.5.84
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util
maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-util
Maven
≥ 9.0.40
< 9.0.69
9.0.69

References

NVD — CVE-2022-45143 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45143
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/0cab3a56bd89f70e7481bb0d68395dc7e130dbbf
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/6a0ac6a438cbbb66b6e9c5223842f53bf0cb50aa
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b336f4e58893ea35114f1e4a415657f723b1298e
Apache Tomcat Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/apache/tomcat
lists.apache.org/thread/yqkd183xrw3w... WEB
https://lists.apache.org/thread/yqkd183xrw3wqvnpcg3osbcryq85fkzj
Apache Tomcat Security Information SECURITY
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-37

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2022-45143?
CVE-2022-45143 is a security vulnerability in Apache Tomcat involving Apache Tomcat improperly escapes input from JsonErrorReportValve under CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output.
Which Apache Tomcat versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 8.5.84, 9.0.69, 10.1.2 across affected packages: org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util.
What version fixes CVE-2022-45143?
Upgrading to 8.5.84, 9.0.69, 10.1.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is tomcat-embed-core affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is affected in releases prior to 8.5.84, 9.0.69, 10.1.2. Upgrade your dependency to 8.5.84, 9.0.69, 10.1.2 or later.
Is tomcat-catalina affected?
Yes, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina is affected in releases prior to 10.1.2. Upgrade your dependency to 10.1.2 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-45143?
CVE-2022-45143 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2022-45143?
CVE-2022-45143 is classified under CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2022-45143?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.tomcat.embed'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-rq2w-37h9-vg94",
  "modified" : "2024-04-23T21:44:48Z",
  "published" : "2023-01-03T21:30:21Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2022-45143" ],
  "summary" : "Apache Tomcat improperly escapes input from JsonErrorReportValve",
  "details" : "The `JsonErrorReportValve` in Apache Tomcat 8.5.83, 9.0.40 to 9.0.68 and 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.1 does not escape the `type`, `message` or `description` values. In some circumstances these are constructed from user provided data and it was therefore possible for users to supply values that invalidated or manipulated the JSON output.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "8.5.83"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "8.5.84"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "8.5.83" ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "9.0.40"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.0.69"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 9.0.68"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "10.1.0"
      }, {
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      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 10.1.1"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "10.1.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "10.1.2"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 10.1.1"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "8.5.83"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "8.5.84"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "8.5.83" ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-util"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "9.0.40"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.0.69"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45143"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/0cab3a56bd89f70e7481bb0d68395dc7e130dbbf"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/6a0ac6a438cbbb66b6e9c5223842f53bf0cb50aa"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b336f4e58893ea35114f1e4a415657f723b1298e"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.apache.org/thread/yqkd183xrw3wqvnpcg3osbcryq85fkzj"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-37"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-116", "CWE-74" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2023-01-05T12:02:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2023-01-03T19:15:00Z"
  }
}