Vulnerabilities in pkg:npm/@messageformat/runtime

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-6xv4-9cqp-92rh
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-57353 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.3) messageformat prototype pollution vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')) affecting @messageformat/runtime libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves messageformat prototype pollution vulnerability. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.0.2.

1 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:npm/@messageformat/runtime

1 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:npm/@messageformat/runtime. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-6xv4-9cqp-92rh CVE-2025-57353 MODERATE messageformat prototype pollution vulnerability

CVE-2025-57353 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-57353
GHSA Identifier GHSA-6xv4-9cqp-92rh
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.3
CWE Classification CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Affected Product @messageformat/runtime
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.3

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-57353

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected @messageformat/runtime dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

@messageformat/runtime fixed: 3.0.2 
npm install @messageformat/runtime@3.0.2
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls @messageformat/runtime

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-57353, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls @messageformat/runtime

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of @messageformat/runtime in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.0.2), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls @messageformat/runtime command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), where the product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. In @messageformat/runtime, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The Runtime components of messageformat package for Node.js version 3.0.1 contain a prototype pollution vulnerability. Due to insufficient validation of nested message keys during the processing of message data, an attacker can manipulate the prototype chain of JavaScript objects by providing specially crafted input. This can result in the injection of arbitrary properties into the Object.prototype, potentially leading to denial of service conditions or unexpected application behavior. The vulnerability allows attackers to alter the prototype of base objects, impacting all subsequent object instances throughout the application's lifecycle. Version 3.0.2 contains a fix.

CVE-2025-57353 Affected @messageformat/runtime Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.0.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
@messageformat/runtime
npm/@messageformat/runtime
npm
≥ 3.0.1
< 3.0.2
All 1 versions
3.0.1
3.0.2

References

NVD — CVE-2025-57353 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57353
@messageformat/runtime Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/issues/453
@messageformat/runtime Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/issues/453#issuecomment-3466959449
@messageformat/runtime Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/pull/464
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/commit/82cd10b40e3f922f990bbcf88a6d14b70c0a3ce0
@messageformat/runtime Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/VulnSageAgent/PoCs/tree/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/CVE-2025-57353
@messageformat/runtime Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-57353?
CVE-2025-57353 is a security vulnerability in @messageformat/runtime involving messageformat prototype pollution vulnerability under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution').
Which @messageformat/runtime versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.0.2 across affected packages: @messageformat/runtime.
What version fixes CVE-2025-57353?
Upgrading to 3.0.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is @messageformat/runtime affected?
Yes, @messageformat/runtime is affected in releases prior to 3.0.2. Upgrade your dependency to 3.0.2 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-57353?
CVE-2025-57353 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-57353?
CVE-2025-57353 is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-57353?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls @messageformat/runtime'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-6xv4-9cqp-92rh",
  "modified" : "2025-10-31T15:12:38Z",
  "published" : "2025-09-24T18:30:31Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-57353" ],
  "summary" : "messageformat prototype pollution vulnerability",
  "details" : "The Runtime components of messageformat package for Node.js version 3.0.1 contain a prototype pollution vulnerability. Due to insufficient validation of nested message keys during the processing of message data, an attacker can manipulate the prototype chain of JavaScript objects by providing specially crafted input. This can result in the injection of arbitrary properties into the Object.prototype, potentially leading to denial of service conditions or unexpected application behavior. The vulnerability allows attackers to alter the prototype of base objects, impacting all subsequent object instances throughout the application's lifecycle. Version 3.0.2 contains a fix.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@messageformat/runtime"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.0.1"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.0.2"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "3.0.1" ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57353"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/issues/453"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/issues/453#issuecomment-3466959449"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/pull/464"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat/commit/82cd10b40e3f922f990bbcf88a6d14b70c0a3ce0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/VulnSageAgent/PoCs/tree/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/CVE-2025-57353"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/messageformat/messageformat"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1321" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-09-24T20:11:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-09-24T18:15:41Z"
  }
}