Vulnerabilities in pkg:maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context

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Advisory Identifier: GHSA-x9c7-5h6g-hq8q
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-40989 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.7) spring cloud function context has vulnerability (CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion) affecting Spring Framework libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves spring cloud function context has uncontrolled recursion. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.3.3, 5.0.2.

4 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context

4 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-x9c7-5h6g-hq8q CVE-2026-40989 MODERATE Spring Cloud Function Context has Uncontrolled Recursion
GHSA-x4h3-g2x4-8gqv CVE-2026-40990 MODERATE Spring Cloud Function Context: Uncontrolled Recursion is possible while attempting to add infinite amount of functions to Function Registry
GHSA-6v73-fgf6-w5j7 CVE-2022-22963 CRITICAL Spring Cloud Function Code Injection with a specially crafted SpEL as a routing expression
GHSA-j4r7-p9fp-w3f3 CVE-2024-22271 HIGH Spring Cloud Function Framework vulnerable to Denial of Service

CVE-2026-40989 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-40989
GHSA Identifier GHSA-x9c7-5h6g-hq8q
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.7
CWE Classification CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion
Affected Product Spring Framework
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.7

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H).

Attack Vector Physical (AV:P)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction Required (UI:R)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2026-40989

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Spring Framework dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: 4.3.3 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.3</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: 5.0.2 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.2</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2026-40989, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Spring Framework in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.3.3), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion, where the product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack. In Spring Framework, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Under infinite recursion in the routing layer, request-handling can cause OOM error. Affected Spring Products and Versions: Spring Cloud Function 3.2.x: versions prior to 3.2.16 Spring Cloud Function 4.1.x: versions prior to 4.1.10 Spring Cloud Function 4.2.x: versions prior to 4.2.6 Spring Cloud Function 4.3.x: versions prior to 4.3.3 Spring Cloud Function 5.0.x: versions prior to 5.0.2 Older, unsupported versions are also affected.

CVE-2026-40989 Affected Spring Framework Versions

5 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.3.35.0.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 4.3.0
< 4.3.3
4.3.3
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 5.0.0
< 5.0.2
5.0.2
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 3.2.10
≤ 3.2.15
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 4.1.0
≤ 4.1.9
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 4.2.0
≤ 4.2.5

References

NVD — CVE-2026-40989 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40989
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-function/commit/6bcd55803c5a2ce0adec794fee1e03c2fac36cf9
Spring Framework Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-function
Spring Framework Security Information SECURITY
https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-40989

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-40989?
CVE-2026-40989 is a security vulnerability in Spring Framework involving Spring Cloud Function Context has Uncontrolled Recursion under CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion.
Which Spring Framework versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.3.3, 5.0.2 across affected packages: org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context.
What version fixes CVE-2026-40989?
Upgrading to 4.3.3, 5.0.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is spring-cloud-function-context affected?
Yes, org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context is affected in releases prior to 4.3.3, 5.0.2, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 4.3.3, 5.0.2, Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-40989?
CVE-2026-40989 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.7 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-40989?
CVE-2026-40989 is classified under CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion (The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2026-40989?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-x9c7-5h6g-hq8q",
  "modified" : "2026-07-09T13:38:38Z",
  "published" : "2026-06-01T21:30:42Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-40989" ],
  "summary" : "Spring Cloud Function Context has Uncontrolled Recursion",
  "details" : "Under infinite recursion in the routing layer, request-handling can cause OOM error.\n\nAffected Spring Products and Versions:\nSpring Cloud Function 3.2.x: versions prior to 3.2.16\nSpring Cloud Function 4.1.x: versions prior to 4.1.10\nSpring Cloud Function 4.2.x: versions prior to 4.2.6\nSpring Cloud Function 4.3.x: versions prior to 4.3.3\nSpring Cloud Function 5.0.x: versions prior to 5.0.2\nOlder, unsupported versions are also affected.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.3.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.3.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "5.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.0.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.2.10"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.2.15"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.1.0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "4.1.9"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.2.0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "4.2.5"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40989"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-function/commit/6bcd55803c5a2ce0adec794fee1e03c2fac36cf9"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-function"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-40989"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-674" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-07-09T13:38:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-06-01T19:16:39Z"
  }
}