CVE-2026-40990: Spring Cloud Function Context Uncontrolled Recursion Is Possible While Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-x4h3-g2x4-8gqv
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CVSS 5.7
CWE-770
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-40990 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.7) uncontrolled recursion is possible while vulnerability (CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling) affecting Spring Cloud Function Context libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves uncontrolled recursion is possible while attempting to add infinite amount of functions to function registry. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.3.3, 5.0.2.

CVE-2026-40990 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-40990
GHSA Identifier GHSA-x4h3-g2x4-8gqv
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.7
CWE Classification CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Affected Product Spring Cloud Function Context
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.7

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H).

Attack Vector Physical (AV:P)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction Required (UI:R)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2026-40990

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Spring Cloud Function Context dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: 4.3.3 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.3</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: 5.0.2 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.2</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context fixed: Latest secure release 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2026-40990, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Spring Cloud Function Context in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.3.3), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, where the product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated. In Spring Cloud Function Context, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

OOM error is possible while attempting to add infinite amount of functions to Function Registry. Affected Spring Products and Versions: Spring Cloud Function 3.2.x: versions prior to 3.2.16 Spring Cloud Function 4.1.x: versions prior to 4.1.10 Spring Cloud Function 4.2.x: versions prior to 4.2.6 Spring Cloud Function 4.3.x: versions prior to 4.3.3 Spring Cloud Function 5.0.x: versions prior to 5.0.2 Older, unsupported versions are also affected.

CVE-2026-40990 Affected Spring Cloud Function Context Versions

5 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.3.35.0.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 4.3.0
< 4.3.3
4.3.3
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 5.0.0
< 5.0.2
5.0.2
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 3.2.10
≤ 3.2.15
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 4.1.0
≤ 4.1.9
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context
maven/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-function-context
Maven
≥ 4.2.0
≤ 4.2.5

References

NVD — CVE-2026-40990 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40990
Spring Cloud Function Context Security Information SECURITY
https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-40990

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-40990?
CVE-2026-40990 is a security vulnerability in Spring Cloud Function Context involving Uncontrolled Recursion is possible while attempting to add infinite amount of functions to Function Registry under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling.
Which Spring Cloud Function Context versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.3.3, 5.0.2 across affected packages: org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context.
What version fixes CVE-2026-40990?
Upgrading to 4.3.3, 5.0.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is spring-cloud-function-context affected?
Yes, org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context is affected in releases prior to 4.3.3, 5.0.2, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 4.3.3, 5.0.2, Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-40990?
CVE-2026-40990 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.7 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-40990?
CVE-2026-40990 is classified under CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2026-40990?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-x4h3-g2x4-8gqv",
  "modified" : "2026-07-09T13:38:32Z",
  "published" : "2026-06-01T21:30:42Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-40990" ],
  "summary" : "Spring Cloud Function Context: Uncontrolled Recursion is possible while attempting to add infinite amount of functions to Function Registry",
  "details" : "OOM error is possible while attempting to add infinite amount of functions to Function Registry.\n\nAffected Spring Products and Versions:\nSpring Cloud Function 3.2.x: versions prior to 3.2.16\nSpring Cloud Function 4.1.x: versions prior to 4.1.10\nSpring Cloud Function 4.2.x: versions prior to 4.2.6\nSpring Cloud Function 4.3.x: versions prior to 4.3.3\nSpring Cloud Function 5.0.x: versions prior to 5.0.2\nOlder, unsupported versions are also affected.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.3.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.3.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "5.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.0.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.2.10"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "3.2.15"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.1.0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "4.1.9"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-function-context"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.2.0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "4.2.5"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40990"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-40990"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-770" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-07-09T13:38:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-06-01T19:16:39Z"
  }
}