CVE-2020-28447: Xopen Xopen Is Vulnerable To OS Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-74wf-cwjg-9cf2
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-78 CWE-77
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2020-28447 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) xopen is vulnerable to os vulnerability (CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')) affecting Xopen libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves xopen is vulnerable to os command injection in exported function xopen(filepath). Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2020-28447 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2020-28447
GHSA Identifier GHSA-74wf-cwjg-9cf2
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Affected Product Xopen
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2020-28447

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Xopen dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

xopen fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install xopen@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls xopen

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2020-28447, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls xopen

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Xopen in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls xopen command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an os command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended os command when it is sent to a downstream component. In Xopen, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A command injection vulnerability affects all versions of package xopen. The injection point is located in line 14 in index.js in the exported function `xopen(filepath)`.

CVE-2020-28447 Affected Xopen Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
xopen
npm/xopen
npm
≤ 1.0.0

References

NVD — CVE-2020-28447 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28447
Xopen Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/andrewimm/xopen
Xopen Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/andrewimm/xopen/blob/master/index.js
Xopen Security Information SECURITY
https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-XOPEN-1050981

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2020-28447?
CVE-2020-28447 is a security vulnerability in Xopen involving xopen is vulnerable to OS Command Injection in Exported Function xopen(filepath) under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection').
Which Xopen versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: xopen.
What version fixes CVE-2020-28447?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is xopen affected?
Yes, xopen is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2020-28447?
CVE-2020-28447 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2020-28447?
CVE-2020-28447 is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2020-28447?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls xopen'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-74wf-cwjg-9cf2",
  "modified" : "2022-08-06T09:36:49Z",
  "published" : "2022-07-26T00:01:05Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2020-28447" ],
  "summary" : "xopen is vulnerable to OS Command Injection in Exported Function xopen(filepath)",
  "details" : "A command injection vulnerability affects all versions of package xopen. The injection point is located in line 14 in index.js in the exported function `xopen(filepath)`.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "xopen"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "1.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28447"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/andrewimm/xopen"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/andrewimm/xopen/blob/master/index.js"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-XOPEN-1050981"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-77", "CWE-78" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2022-08-06T09:36:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2022-07-25T14:15:00Z"
  }
}