CVE-2025-26619: Vega Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-rcw3-wmx7-cphr
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CVSS 6.1
CWE-79
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-26619 is a MODERATE (CVSS 6.1) cross-site scripting vulnerability (CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')) affecting Vega libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves vega cross-site scripting (xss) via event filter when not using csp mode expressioninterpeter. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 5.31.0, 5.16.0.

CVE-2025-26619 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-26619
GHSA Identifier GHSA-rcw3-wmx7-cphr
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 6.1
CWE Classification CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Affected Product Vega
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 6.1

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction Required (UI:R)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-26619

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Vega dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

vega fixed: 5.31.0 
npm install vega@5.31.0
vega-functions fixed: 5.16.0 
npm install vega-functions@5.16.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls vega

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-26619, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls vega

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Vega in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 5.31.0), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls vega command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'), where the product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users. In Vega, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact In `vega` 5.30.0 and lower, `vega-functions` 5.15.0 and lower , it was possible to call JavaScript functions from the Vega expression language that were not meant to be supported. ### Patches Patched in `vega` `5.31.0` / `vega-functions` `5.16.0` ### Workarounds _Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_ - Run `vega` without `vega.expressionInterpreter`. This mode is not the default as it is slower. - Using the interpreter [described in CSP safe mode](https://vega.github.io/vega/usage/interpreter/) (Content Security Policy) prevents arbitrary Javascript from running, so users of this mode are not affected by this vulnerability. ### References - Reported to Vega-Lite by @kprevas Nov 8 2024 in https://github.com/vega/vega-lite/issues/9469 & https://github.com/vega/vega/issues/3984 Reproduction of the error in Vega by @mattijn ``` { "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v5.json", "signals": [ { "name": "inject_alert", "on": [ { "events": [ { "type": "mousedown", "marktype": "rect", "filter": ["scale(event.view.setTimeout, 'alert(\"alert\")')"] } ], "update": "datum" } ] } ], "marks": [ { "type": "rect", "encode": { "update": { "x": {"value": 0}, "y": {"value": 0}, "width": {"value": 100}, "height": {"value": 100} } } } ] } ```

CVE-2025-26619 Affected Vega Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
5.31.05.16.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
vega
npm/vega
npm
< 5.31.0
5.31.0
vega-functions
npm/vega-functions
npm
< 5.16.0
5.16.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-rcw3-wmx7-cphr
NVD — CVE-2025-26619 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26619
Vega Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/vega/vega-lite/issues/9469
Vega Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/vega/vega/issues/3984
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/vega/vega/commit/8fc129a6f8a11e96449c4ac0f63de0e5bfc7254c
Vega Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/vega/vega

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-26619?
CVE-2025-26619 is a security vulnerability in Vega involving Vega Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via event filter when not using CSP mode expressionInterpeter under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting').
Which Vega versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 5.31.0, 5.16.0 across affected packages: vega, vega-functions.
What version fixes CVE-2025-26619?
Upgrading to 5.31.0, 5.16.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is vega affected?
Yes, vega is affected in releases prior to 5.31.0. Upgrade your dependency to 5.31.0 or later.
Is vega-functions affected?
Yes, vega-functions is affected in releases prior to 5.16.0. Upgrade your dependency to 5.16.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-26619?
CVE-2025-26619 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.1 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-26619?
CVE-2025-26619 is classified under CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-26619?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls vega'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-rcw3-wmx7-cphr",
  "modified" : "2025-04-11T19:02:04Z",
  "published" : "2025-03-27T14:12:34Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-26619" ],
  "summary" : "Vega Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via event filter when not using CSP mode expressionInterpeter",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\nIn `vega` 5.30.0 and lower,  `vega-functions` 5.15.0 and lower , it was possible to call JavaScript functions from the Vega expression language that were not meant to be supported.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in `vega` `5.31.0`  / `vega-functions` `5.16.0`\n\n### Workarounds\n\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_\n\n- Run `vega` without `vega.expressionInterpreter`. This mode is not the default as it is slower. \n- Using the interpreter [described in CSP safe mode](https://vega.github.io/vega/usage/interpreter/) (Content Security Policy) prevents arbitrary Javascript from running, so users of this mode are not affected by this vulnerability.\n\n### References\n\n- Reported to Vega-Lite by @kprevas Nov 8 2024 in https://github.com/vega/vega-lite/issues/9469 &  https://github.com/vega/vega/issues/3984\n\nReproduction of the error in Vega by @mattijn \n\n```\n{\n  \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v5.json\",\n  \"signals\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"inject_alert\",\n      \"on\": [\n        {\n          \"events\": [\n            {\n              \"type\": \"mousedown\",\n              \"marktype\": \"rect\",\n              \"filter\": [\"scale(event.view.setTimeout, 'alert(\\\"alert\\\")')\"]\n            }\n          ],\n          \"update\": \"datum\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"marks\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"rect\",\n      \"encode\": {\n        \"update\": {\n          \"x\": {\"value\": 0},\n          \"y\": {\"value\": 0},\n          \"width\": {\"value\": 100},\n          \"height\": {\"value\": 100}\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n```",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "vega"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.31.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "vega-functions"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.16.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-rcw3-wmx7-cphr"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26619"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vega/vega-lite/issues/9469"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vega/vega/issues/3984"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vega/vega/commit/8fc129a6f8a11e96449c4ac0f63de0e5bfc7254c"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vega/vega"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-79" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-03-27T14:12:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-03-27T14:15:52Z"
  }
}