CVE-2025-53534: Github.com/tnborg/panel RatPanel Can Perform Remote Command Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-fm3m-jrgm-5ppg",
  "modified" : "2025-08-06T14:12:21Z",
  "published" : "2025-08-04T20:46:32Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-53534" ],
  "summary" : "RatPanel can perform remote command execution without authorization",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\n* When an attacker obtains the backend login path of RatPanel (including but not limited to weak default paths, brute-force cracking, etc.), they can execute system commands or take over hosts managed by the panel **without logging in**.\n* In addition to this **remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability**, the flawed code also leads to **unauthorized access**.\n\n### Details\n\nIn Go, `r.URL.Path` retrieves the part of the URL that comes after the port and before the query parameters or anchor symbols. For example, in the URL `http://localhost:8080/api/ws/ssh?id=1`, the retrieved path would be `/api/ws/ssh`.\n\nHowever, if the request is made to `http://localhost:8080//api/ws/ssh?id=1`, the parsed `r.URL.Path` would be `//api/ws/ssh`. \n\nRatPanel uses the `CleanPath` middleware provided by `github.com/go-chi/chi` package to clean URLs, The route path inside the chi router will be cleaned to `/api/ws/ssh`, but this middleware does not process `r.URL.Path`, so the path is still `//api/ws/ssh`.\n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/788a7263-38f6-4b74-aa4a-b935239362f7)\n\nIn the `must_login` middleware, RatPanel uses `r.URL.Path` to match the hard-coded prefix whitelist, because `/api/ws` does not match `//api/ws`. The `must_login` middleware will allow the request, but `//api/ws` has been cleaned to `/api/ws` in the chi router. This inconsistency leads to authentication bypass and accessing the dangerous interfaces such as `/api/ws/exec` and `/api/ws/ssh`.\n\n![image-20250706193354738](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a0be46a5-9e82-4623-9b21-7247798a3c98)\n\nBut there are some limitations. Before exploiting this interface, the attacker must first identify the correct backend address of ratpanel to activate session legitimacy—specifically, to ensure `sess.Put(\"verify_entrance\", true)`. That said, accessing `/api/ws` only requires activating the session and does not require completing further authentication or login steps. Therefore, this is assessed to be a remotely exploitable command execution vulnerability with moderate severity.\n\n\n### PoC\n\nI first carried `session=......`, accessed the backend login page normally` (without completing the authentication process)`, activated the session, and then used the [_wsdump.py](https://github.com/websocket-client/websocket-client/blob/master/websocket/_wsdump.py) script provided by the Python websocket-client library to complete the authentication and exploit the vulnerability.\n\n![image-20250706202209133](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/89849095-8d90-465b-8d67-91b49e61c7bf)\n![image-20250706202330056](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6188f519-13f7-4ca9-84ef-f743bda55ae2)\n![image-20250706202450433](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/76e4f8f3-ad67-4295-ab83-6ec910f7449d)\n\nBecause of the authorization code\n\n```golang\n// internal/http/middleware/must_login.go\nif slices.Contains(whiteList, r.URL.Path) || !strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, \"/api\") {\n    next.ServeHTTP(w, r)\n    return\n}\n```\n\nThis vulnerability affects the authorization mechanism across all APIs, for example\n\n![image-20250706204411739](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5da63d83-2652-4275-8a80-c7878de62f5c)\n![image-20250706204429581](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d83a323a-a98e-4ec0-9480-06e0d8670513)\n\nThis authentication vulnerability appears to affect versions **v2.3.19 to v2.5.5**.\n\n---\n\nData packet\n\n```text\nGET //api/...... HTTP/2\nHost: IP:PORT\nCookie: session=XXXXXX\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\nContent-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8\nConnection: close\n\n\n```\n\n```cmd\npython _wsdump.py wss://ip:port//api/ws/exec --headers \"Cookie: session=xxxxxx\" -n\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nUsers running Ratpanel versions v2.3.19 to v2.5.5—especially those who have exposed their admin panel login URL or use weak login URL paths—are vulnerable to unauthorized access. Additionally, versions v2.5.1 to v2.5.5 are susceptible to server and hosted machine takeover.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Go",
      "name" : "github.com/tnborg/panel"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.3.19"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.5.6"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Go",
      "name" : "github.com/tnborg/panel"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0.0.0-20241111062800-91ecd04c2700"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.0.0-20250707071915-4985eb2e1f38"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/tnborg/panel/security/advisories/GHSA-fm3m-jrgm-5ppg"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53534"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/tnborg/panel/commit/4985eb2e1f388ecd6faf331941c13cb97368ec1d"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/tnborg/panel/commit/91ecd04c270061429f9df5ec19cd6b96a9f595f2"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/tnborg/panel/commit/ed5c74c7534230ba685273504af4c1e1e3598ff1"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/tnborg/panel"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/tnborg/panel/releases/tag/v2.5.6"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-22", "CWE-305", "CWE-436" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-08-04T20:46:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-08-05T21:15:38Z"
  }
}