CVE-2025-10995: Openbabel :underflow Vulnerability

LOW
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-8j3x-m868-cpw8
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CVSS 7.8
CWE-787
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-10995 is a LOW (CVSS 7.8) :underflow vulnerability (CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write) affecting Openbabel libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves :underflow. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.2.0.

CVE-2025-10995 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-10995
GHSA Identifier GHSA-8j3x-m868-cpw8
Severity LOW
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.8
CWE Classification CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
Affected Product Openbabel
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Local (AV:L)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction Required (UI:R)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-10995

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Openbabel dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

openbabel fixed: 3.2.0 
pip install openbabel>=3.2.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show openbabel

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-10995, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show openbabel

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Openbabel in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.2.0), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show openbabel command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write, where the product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer. In Openbabel, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary A memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel's bundled zipstream decompression code caused an out-of-bounds write via overlapping `memcpy` when reading a crafted gzip-compressed chemistry file. ### Details The flaw was in `basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow`. The decompression buffer refill path invoked `memcpy` with overlapping source and destination regions, which is undefined behavior and produced out-of-bounds writes in practice. Any file format read through the gzip-wrapped reader was a potential trigger. ### Impact Open Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry file formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in services that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability requires the victim to open a malicious gzip-compressed chemistry file with the `obabel` tool, the `OBConversion` API, or any of the language bindings (Python, Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP). ### Affected versions All releases up to and including 3.1.1. ### Patched version 3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26). ### Patch Fix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d41 Originally reported as #2832; fixes consolidated in #2913. A minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under `test/files/fuzz_regress/` and is exercised on every CI build under ASAN+UBSAN by the `fuzzregresstest` harness. ### Credit Reported via OSS-Fuzz.

CVE-2025-10995 Affected Openbabel Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.2.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
openbabel
pypi/openbabel
PyPI
< 3.2.0
3.2.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/security/advisories/GHSA-8j3x-m868-cpw8
NVD — CVE-2025-10995 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10995
Openbabel Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2832
Openbabel Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2913
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d417c167b50cc8ce7aa3a02557e5b2b81c5
Openbabel Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel
Openbabel Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22318572/poc.zip
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325923
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?id.325923
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?submit.654059

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-10995?
CVE-2025-10995 is a security vulnerability in Openbabel involving :underflow under CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write.
Which Openbabel versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.2.0 across affected packages: openbabel.
What version fixes CVE-2025-10995?
Upgrading to 3.2.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is openbabel affected?
Yes, openbabel is affected in releases prior to 3.2.0. Upgrade your dependency to 3.2.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-10995?
CVE-2025-10995 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 (LOW) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-10995?
CVE-2025-10995 is classified under CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write (The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-10995?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show openbabel'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-8j3x-m868-cpw8",
  "modified" : "2026-06-30T21:25:25Z",
  "published" : "2026-06-30T21:25:25Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-10995" ],
  "summary" : "Open Babel has out-of-bounds write (overlapping memcpy) in zipstream basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\nA memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel's bundled zipstream\ndecompression code caused an out-of-bounds write via overlapping\n`memcpy` when reading a crafted gzip-compressed chemistry file.\n\n### Details\n\nThe flaw was in `basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow`. The decompression\nbuffer refill path invoked `memcpy` with overlapping source and\ndestination regions, which is undefined behavior and produced\nout-of-bounds writes in practice. Any file format read through the\ngzip-wrapped reader was a potential trigger.\n\n### Impact\n\nOpen Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry\nfile formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in\nservices that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability\nrequires the victim to open a malicious gzip-compressed chemistry file\nwith the `obabel` tool, the `OBConversion` API, or any of the language\nbindings (Python, Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).\n\n### Affected versions\n\nAll releases up to and including 3.1.1.\n\n### Patched version\n\n3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).\n\n### Patch\n\nFix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d41\nOriginally reported as #2832; fixes consolidated in #2913.\n\nA minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under\n`test/files/fuzz_regress/` and is exercised on every CI build under\nASAN+UBSAN by the `fuzzregresstest` harness.\n\n### Credit\n\nReported via OSS-Fuzz.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
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    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
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      "name" : "openbabel"
    },
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      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
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      }, {
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  }, {
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  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2832"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2913"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/d4621d417c167b50cc8ce7aa3a02557e5b2b81c5"
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    "url" : "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22318572/poc.zip"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325923"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?id.325923"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?submit.654059"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-787" ],
    "severity" : "LOW",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-06-30T21:25:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}