CVE-2025-11953: @react native community/cli @react-native-community/cli Has Arbitrary OS Command Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-399j-vxmf-hjvr
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-78
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-11953 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) @react-native-community/cli has arbitrary os command vulnerability (CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')) affecting @react native community/cli libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves @react-native-community/cli has arbitrary os command injection. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1.

CVE-2025-11953 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-11953
GHSA Identifier GHSA-399j-vxmf-hjvr
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Affected Product @react native community/cli
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-11953

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected @react native community/cli dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

@react-native-community/cli fixed: 20.0.0 
npm install @react-native-community/cli@20.0.0
@react-native-community/cli fixed: 19.1.2 
npm install @react-native-community/cli@19.1.2
@react-native-community/cli fixed: 18.0.1 
npm install @react-native-community/cli@18.0.1
@react-native-community/cli-server-api fixed: 20.0.0 
npm install @react-native-community/cli-server-api@20.0.0
@react-native-community/cli-server-api fixed: 19.1.2 
npm install @react-native-community/cli-server-api@19.1.2
@react-native-community/cli-server-api fixed: 18.0.1 
npm install @react-native-community/cli-server-api@18.0.1
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls @react-native-community/cli

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-11953, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls @react-native-community/cli

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of @react native community/cli in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 20.0.0), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls @react-native-community/cli command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an os command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended os command when it is sent to a downstream component. In @react native community/cli, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The Metro Development Server, which is opened by the React Native CLI, binds to external interfaces by default. The server exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to OS command injection. This allows unauthenticated network attackers to send a POST request to the server and run arbitrary executables. On Windows, the attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

CVE-2025-11953 Affected @react native community/cli Versions

6 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
20.0.019.1.218.0.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
@react-native-community/cli
npm/@react-native-community/cli
npm
≥ 20.0.0-alpha.0
< 20.0.0
20.0.0
@react-native-community/cli
npm/@react-native-community/cli
npm
≥ 19.0.0-alpha.0
< 19.1.2
19.1.2
@react-native-community/cli
npm/@react-native-community/cli
npm
≥ 18.0.0
< 18.0.1
18.0.1
@react-native-community/cli-server-api
npm/@react-native-community/cli-server-api
npm
≥ 20.0.0-alpha.0
< 20.0.0
20.0.0
@react-native-community/cli-server-api
npm/@react-native-community/cli-server-api
npm
≥ 19.0.0-alpha.0
< 19.1.2
19.1.2
@react-native-community/cli-server-api
npm/@react-native-community/cli-server-api
npm
≥ 18.0.0
< 18.0.1
18.0.1

References

NVD — CVE-2025-11953 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11953
@react native community/cli Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/issues/2733#issuecomment-3502424164
@react native community/cli Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/pull/1615
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/15089907d1f1301b22c72d7f68846a2ef20df547
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/5a792169d9883e0b0fb1ddf1ea46778f21510d18
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/9e1fa8cc633e5dcf32244ffa60a871880be56722
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/a8293dc29425f56249753507bc24d87b698d46e1
@react native community/cli Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli
@react native community/cli Release RELEASE
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/releases/tag/v20.0.0
@react native community/cli Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli?tab=readme-ov-file#compatibility
jfrog.com/blog/cve-2025-11953... WEB
https://jfrog.com/blog/cve-2025-11953-critical-react-native-community-cli-vulnerability
www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vul... WEB
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-11953
www.vulncheck.com/blog/metro4shell_ei... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/blog/metro4shell_eitw
x.com/szymonrybczak/statu... WEB
https://x.com/SzymonRybczak/status/1986199665000566848
x.com/szymonrybczak/statu... WEB
https://x.com/szymonrybczak/status/1986199665000566848?s=46
x.com/thymikee/status/198... WEB
https://x.com/thymikee/status/1986770875954475375

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-11953?
CVE-2025-11953 is a security vulnerability in @react native community/cli involving @react-native-community/cli has arbitrary OS command injection under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection').
Which @react native community/cli versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1 across affected packages: @react-native-community/cli, @react-native-community/cli-server-api.
What version fixes CVE-2025-11953?
Upgrading to 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is @react-native-community/cli affected?
Yes, @react-native-community/cli is affected in releases prior to 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1. Upgrade your dependency to 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1 or later.
Is @react-native-community/cli-server-api affected?
Yes, @react-native-community/cli-server-api is affected in releases prior to 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1. Upgrade your dependency to 20.0.0, 19.1.2, 18.0.1 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-11953?
CVE-2025-11953 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-11953?
CVE-2025-11953 is classified under CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-11953?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls @react-native-community/cli'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-399j-vxmf-hjvr",
  "modified" : "2026-02-05T21:38:31Z",
  "published" : "2025-11-03T18:31:52Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-11953" ],
  "summary" : "@react-native-community/cli has arbitrary OS command injection",
  "details" : "The Metro Development Server, which is opened by the React Native CLI, binds to external interfaces by default. The server exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to OS command injection. This allows unauthenticated network attackers to send a POST request to the server and run arbitrary executables. On Windows, the attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@react-native-community/cli"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "20.0.0-alpha.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "20.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@react-native-community/cli"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
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      }, {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@react-native-community/cli"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "18.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "18.0.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@react-native-community/cli-server-api"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
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      }, {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@react-native-community/cli-server-api"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
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      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@react-native-community/cli-server-api"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
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      "events" : [ {
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      }, {
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      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11953"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/issues/2733#issuecomment-3502424164"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/pull/1615"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/15089907d1f1301b22c72d7f68846a2ef20df547"
  }, {
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    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/5a792169d9883e0b0fb1ddf1ea46778f21510d18"
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    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/9e1fa8cc633e5dcf32244ffa60a871880be56722"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/a8293dc29425f56249753507bc24d87b698d46e1"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/releases/tag/v20.0.0"
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  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-11953"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/blog/metro4shell_eitw"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://x.com/SzymonRybczak/status/1986199665000566848"
  }, {
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  }, {
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    "url" : "https://x.com/thymikee/status/1986770875954475375"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
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    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-11-06T17:28:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-11-03T17:15:32Z"
  }
}