Vulnerabilities in pkg:pypi/Werkzeug

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-102598 is a MODERATE werkzeug safe_join() allows windows special vulnerability (CWE-67: Improper Handling of Windows Device Names) affecting Werkzeug libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves werkzeug safe_join() allows windows special device names. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.1.9.

9 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:pypi/Werkzeug

9 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:pypi/Werkzeug. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m CVE-2026-102598 MODERATE Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names
GHSA-q34m-jh98-gwm2 CVE-2024-49767 MODERATE Werkzeug possible resource exhaustion when parsing file data in forms
GHSA-hrfv-mqp8-q5rw CVE-2023-46136 MODERATE Werkzeug DoS: High resource usage when parsing multipart/form-data containing a large part with CR/LF character at the beginning
GHSA-87hc-h4r5-73f7 CVE-2026-21860 MODERATE Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names with compound extensions
GHSA-2g68-c3qc-8985 CVE-2024-34069 HIGH Werkzeug debugger vulnerable to remote execution when interacting with attacker controlled domain
GHSA-f9vj-2wh5-fj8j CVE-2024-49766 MODERATE Werkzeug safe_join not safe on Windows
GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323 CVE-2023-25577 HIGH High resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields
GHSA-px8h-6qxv-m22q CVE-2023-23934 LOW Incorrect parsing of nameless cookies leads to __Host- cookies bypass
GHSA-h2fp-xgx6-xh6f CVE-2016-10516 MODERATE Pallets Werkzeug cross-site scripting vulnerability

CVE-2026-102598 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-102598
GHSA Identifier GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-67: Improper Handling of Windows Device Names
Affected Product Werkzeug
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2026-102598

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Werkzeug dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Werkzeug fixed: 3.1.9 
pip install Werkzeug>=3.1.9
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show Werkzeug

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2026-102598, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show Werkzeug

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Werkzeug in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.1.9), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show Werkzeug command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-67: Improper Handling of Windows Device Names, where the product constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a windows device name such as aux or con. this typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file. In Werkzeug, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Werkzeug's `safe_join` function allows Windows device names as filenames when they have an empty ADS marker on NTFS. This was previously reported as https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2, but the added filtering failed to account for the fact Windows allows special device names with an empty ADS marker, such as `NUL:`. `send_from_directory` uses `safe_join` to safely serve files at user-specified paths under a directory. If the application is running on Windows and NTFS, and the requested path ends with a special device name, the file will be opened successfully, but reading will hang indefinitely.

CVE-2026-102598 Affected Werkzeug Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.1.9
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
Werkzeug
pypi/Werkzeug
PyPI
< 3.1.9
3.1.9

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m
NVD — CVE-2026-102598 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102598
Werkzeug Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/pull/3309
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/8d77320bcdf3a34941ec06dcf16b03c065cd21b6
Werkzeug Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug
Werkzeug Release RELEASE
https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/3.1.9

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-102598?
CVE-2026-102598 is a security vulnerability in Werkzeug involving Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names under CWE-67: Improper Handling of Windows Device Names.
Which Werkzeug versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.1.9 across affected packages: Werkzeug.
What version fixes CVE-2026-102598?
Upgrading to 3.1.9 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is Werkzeug affected?
Yes, Werkzeug is affected in releases prior to 3.1.9. Upgrade your dependency to 3.1.9 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-102598?
CVE-2026-102598 is classified under CWE-67: Improper Handling of Windows Device Names (The product constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2026-102598?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show Werkzeug'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m",
  "modified" : "2026-10-05T23:48:39Z",
  "published" : "2026-10-05T23:48:39Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-102598" ],
  "summary" : "Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names",
  "details" : "Werkzeug's `safe_join` function allows Windows device names as filenames when they have an empty ADS marker on NTFS.\n\nThis was previously reported as https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2, but the added filtering failed to account for the fact Windows allows special device names with an empty ADS marker, such as `NUL:`.\n\n`send_from_directory` uses `safe_join` to safely serve files at user-specified paths under a directory. If the application is running on Windows and NTFS, and the requested path ends with a special device name, the file will be opened successfully, but reading will hang indefinitely.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "Werkzeug"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.1.9"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102598"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/pull/3309"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/8d77320bcdf3a34941ec06dcf16b03c065cd21b6"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/3.1.9"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-67" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-10-05T23:48:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-29T16:17:06Z"
  }
}