Vulnerabilities in pkg:npm/lodash.defaultsdeep

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-jf85-cpcp-j695
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2019-10744 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.1) prototype pollution vulnerability (CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')) affecting Lodash amd libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves prototype pollution in lodash. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.14, 4.6.1.

3 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:npm/lodash.defaultsdeep

3 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:npm/lodash.defaultsdeep. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-jf85-cpcp-j695 CVE-2019-10744 CRITICAL Prototype Pollution in lodash
GHSA-46fh-8fc5-xcwx - HIGH Prototype Pollution in lodash.defaultsdeep
GHSA-h5mp-5q4p-ggf5 - HIGH Prototype Pollution in lodash.defaultsdeep

CVE-2019-10744 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2019-10744
GHSA Identifier GHSA-jf85-cpcp-j695
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.1
CWE Classification CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Affected Product Lodash amd
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.1

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2019-10744

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Lodash amd dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

lodash-amd fixed: 4.17.13 
npm install lodash-amd@4.17.13
lodash fixed: 4.17.12 
npm install lodash@4.17.12
lodash-es fixed: 4.17.14 
npm install lodash-es@4.17.14
lodash.defaultsdeep fixed: 4.6.1 
npm install lodash.defaultsdeep@4.6.1
lodash-rails fixed: 4.17.12 
Upgrade lodash-rails to 4.17.12
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls lodash-amd

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2019-10744, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls lodash-amd

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Lodash amd in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.17.13), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls lodash-amd command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), where the product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. In Lodash amd, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Versions of `lodash` before 4.17.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. The function `defaultsDeep` allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of `Object` via `{constructor: {prototype: {...}}}` causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects. ## Recommendation Update to version 4.17.12 or later.

CVE-2019-10744 Affected Lodash amd Versions

5 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.17.134.17.124.17.144.6.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
lodash-amd
npm/lodash-amd
npm
< 4.17.13
4.17.13
lodash
npm/lodash
npm
< 4.17.12
4.17.12
lodash-es
npm/lodash-es
npm
< 4.17.14
4.17.14
lodash.defaultsdeep
npm/lodash.defaultsdeep
npm
< 4.6.1
4.6.1
lodash-rails
gem/lodash-rails
RubyGems
< 4.17.12
4.17.12

References

NVD — CVE-2019-10744 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10744
Lodash amd Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/lodash/lodash/pull/4336
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2019:30... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3024
Lodash amd Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/lodash-rails/CVE-2019-10744.yml
Lodash amd Security Information SECURITY
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191004-0005
snyk.io/vuln/snyk-js-lodash... WEB
https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-LODASH-450202
support.f5.com/csp/article/k471053... WEB
https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K47105354?utm_source=f5support&amp%3Butm_medium=RSS
support.f5.com/csp/article/k471053... WEB
https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K47105354?utm_source=f5support&amp;utm_medium=RSS
Lodash amd Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html
Lodash amd Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2019-10744?
CVE-2019-10744 is a security vulnerability in Lodash amd involving Prototype Pollution in lodash under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution').
Which Lodash amd versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.14, 4.6.1 across affected packages: lodash-amd, lodash, lodash-es, lodash.defaultsdeep, lodash-rails.
What version fixes CVE-2019-10744?
Upgrading to 4.17.13, 4.17.12, 4.17.14, 4.6.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is lodash-amd affected?
Yes, lodash-amd is affected in releases prior to 4.17.13. Upgrade your dependency to 4.17.13 or later.
Is lodash affected?
Yes, lodash is affected in releases prior to 4.17.12. Upgrade your dependency to 4.17.12 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-10744?
CVE-2019-10744 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2019-10744?
CVE-2019-10744 is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2019-10744?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls lodash-amd'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-jf85-cpcp-j695",
  "modified" : "2025-08-12T21:43:01Z",
  "published" : "2019-07-10T19:45:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2019-10744" ],
  "summary" : "Prototype Pollution in lodash",
  "details" : "Versions of `lodash` before 4.17.12 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution.  The function `defaultsDeep` allows a malicious user to modify the prototype of `Object` via `{constructor: {prototype: {...}}}` causing the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects.\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 4.17.12 or later.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "lodash"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.17.12"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "lodash-es"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.17.14"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "lodash-amd"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.17.13"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "lodash.defaultsdeep"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.6.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "RubyGems",
      "name" : "lodash-rails"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.17.12"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10744"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/pull/4336"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3024"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/lodash-rails/CVE-2019-10744.yml"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20191004-0005"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-LODASH-450202"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K47105354?utm_source=f5support&amp%3Butm_medium=RSS"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K47105354?utm_source=f5support&amp;utm_medium=RSS"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1321", "CWE-20" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2019-07-10T19:41:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2019-07-26T00:15:00Z"
  }
}