Vulnerabilities in pkg:npm/jws

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x
Share
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-65945 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) auth0/node-jws improperly verifies hmac signature vulnerability (CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature) affecting Jws libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves auth0/node-jws improperly verifies hmac signature. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.0.1, 3.2.3.

2 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:npm/jws

2 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:npm/jws. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x CVE-2025-65945 HIGH auth0/node-jws Improperly Verifies HMAC Signature
GHSA-gjcw-v447-2w7q CVE-2016-1000223 HIGH Forgeable Public/Private Tokens in jws

CVE-2025-65945 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-65945
GHSA Identifier GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Affected Product Jws
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-65945

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Jws dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

jws fixed: 4.0.1 
npm install jws@4.0.1
jws fixed: 3.2.3 
npm install jws@3.2.3
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls jws

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-65945, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls jws

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Jws in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.0.1), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls jws command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature, where the product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data. In Jws, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Overview An improper signature verification vulnerability exists when using auth0/node-jws with the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions. ### Am I Affected? You are affected by this vulnerability if you meet all of the following preconditions: 1. Application uses the auth0/node-jws implementation of JSON Web Signatures, versions <=3.2.2 || 4.0.0 2. Application uses the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms 3. Application uses user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines You are NOT affected by this vulnerability if you meet any of the following preconditions: 1. Application uses the jws.verify() interface (note: `auth0/node-jsonwebtoken` users fall into this category and are therefore NOT affected by this vulnerability) 2. Application uses only asymmetric algorithms (e.g. RS256) 3. Application doesn’t use user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines ### Fix Upgrade auth0/node-jws version to version 3.2.3 or 4.0.1 ### Acknowledgement Okta would like to thank Félix Charette for discovering this vulnerability.

CVE-2025-65945 Affected Jws Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.0.13.2.3
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
jws
npm/jws
npm
≥ 4.0.0
< 4.0.1
All 1 versions
4.0.0
4.0.1
jws
npm/jws
npm
< 3.2.3
3.2.3

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/security/advisories/GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x
NVD — CVE-2025-65945 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65945
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/commit/34c45b2c04434f925b638de6a061de9339c0ea2e
Jws Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/auth0/node-jws
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/commit/4f6e73f24df42f07d632dec6431ade8eda8d11a6
Jws Release RELEASE
https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/releases/tag/v3.2.3
Jws Release RELEASE
https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/releases/tag/v4.0.1

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-65945?
CVE-2025-65945 is a security vulnerability in Jws involving auth0/node-jws Improperly Verifies HMAC Signature under CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature.
Which Jws versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.0.1, 3.2.3 across affected packages: jws.
What version fixes CVE-2025-65945?
Upgrading to 4.0.1, 3.2.3 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is jws affected?
Yes, jws is affected in releases prior to 4.0.1, 3.2.3. Upgrade your dependency to 4.0.1, 3.2.3 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-65945?
CVE-2025-65945 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-65945?
CVE-2025-65945 is classified under CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-65945?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls jws'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x",
  "modified" : "2025-12-04T22:50:03Z",
  "published" : "2025-12-04T16:54:15Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-65945" ],
  "summary" : "auth0/node-jws Improperly Verifies HMAC Signature",
  "details" : "### Overview\nAn improper signature verification vulnerability exists when using auth0/node-jws with the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions.\n\n### Am I Affected?\nYou are affected by this vulnerability if you meet all of the following preconditions:\n\n1. Application uses the auth0/node-jws implementation of JSON Web Signatures, versions <=3.2.2 || 4.0.0\n2. Application uses the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms\n3. Application uses user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines\n\nYou are NOT affected by this vulnerability if you meet any of the following preconditions:\n1. Application uses the jws.verify() interface (note: `auth0/node-jsonwebtoken` users fall into this category and are therefore NOT affected by this vulnerability)\n2. Application uses only asymmetric algorithms (e.g. RS256)\n3. Application doesn’t use user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines\n\n### Fix\nUpgrade auth0/node-jws version to version 3.2.3 or 4.0.1\n\n### Acknowledgement\nOkta would like to thank Félix Charette for discovering this vulnerability.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "jws"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.2.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "jws"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.0.1"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "4.0.0" ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/security/advisories/GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65945"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/commit/34c45b2c04434f925b638de6a061de9339c0ea2e"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/commit/4f6e73f24df42f07d632dec6431ade8eda8d11a6"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/auth0/node-jws"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/releases/tag/v3.2.3"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/auth0/node-jws/releases/tag/v4.0.1"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-347" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-12-04T16:54:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-12-04T19:16:05Z"
  }
}