Vulnerabilities in pkg:npm/hexo

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-x2jc-989c-47q4
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-39584 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) path traversal vulnerability (CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')) affecting Hexo libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves hexo `include_code` has a path traversal. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 7.2.0.

2 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:npm/hexo

2 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:npm/hexo. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-x2jc-989c-47q4 CVE-2023-39584 HIGH Hexo `include_code` has a path traversal
GHSA-q54r-r9pr-w7qv CVE-2021-25987 MODERATE Hexo Vulnerable to XSS

CVE-2023-39584 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-39584
GHSA Identifier GHSA-x2jc-989c-47q4
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Affected Product Hexo
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2023-39584

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Hexo dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

hexo fixed: 7.2.0 
npm install hexo@7.2.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls hexo

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2023-39584, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls hexo

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Hexo in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 7.2.0), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls hexo command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'), where the product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory. In Hexo, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Hexo up to v7.1.1 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file read vulnerability.

CVE-2023-39584 Affected Hexo Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
7.2.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
hexo
npm/hexo
npm
< 7.2.0
7.2.0

References

NVD — CVE-2023-39584 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39584
Hexo Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues/5250
Hexo Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/pull/5251
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/commit/b5b63caee27256d71a0cee8954c22375ec885d07
Hexo Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/hexojs/hexo
Hexo Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/blob/a3e68e7576d279db22bd7481914286104e867834/lib/plugins/tag/include_code.js#L49
Hexo Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/blob/cefee921153ba597316457f4fedf7b87b6516917/lib/plugins/tag/include_code.ts#L50

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-39584?
CVE-2023-39584 is a security vulnerability in Hexo involving Hexo `include_code` has a path traversal under CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal').
Which Hexo versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 7.2.0 across affected packages: hexo.
What version fixes CVE-2023-39584?
Upgrading to 7.2.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is hexo affected?
Yes, hexo is affected in releases prior to 7.2.0. Upgrade your dependency to 7.2.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-39584?
CVE-2023-39584 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-39584?
CVE-2023-39584 is classified under CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2023-39584?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls hexo'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-x2jc-989c-47q4",
  "modified" : "2025-09-05T13:29:14Z",
  "published" : "2023-09-08T15:30:18Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-39584" ],
  "summary" : "Hexo `include_code` has a path traversal",
  "details" : "Hexo up to v7.1.1 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file read vulnerability.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "hexo"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "7.2.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39584"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues/5250"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/pull/5251"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/commit/b5b63caee27256d71a0cee8954c22375ec885d07"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hexojs/hexo"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/blob/a3e68e7576d279db22bd7481914286104e867834/lib/plugins/tag/include_code.js#L49"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/blob/cefee921153ba597316457f4fedf7b87b6516917/lib/plugins/tag/include_code.ts#L50"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-22" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-09-04T17:38:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2023-09-08T13:15:07Z"
  }
}