Vulnerabilities in pkg:npm/dref

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-76g8-235f-gj6p
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-26278 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) dref is vulnerable to prototype vulnerability (CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')) affecting Dref libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves dref is vulnerable to prototype pollution. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

1 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:npm/dref

1 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:npm/dref. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-76g8-235f-gj6p CVE-2025-26278 HIGH dref is vulnerable to prototype pollution

CVE-2025-26278 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-26278
GHSA Identifier GHSA-76g8-235f-gj6p
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Affected Product Dref
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-26278

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Dref dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

dref fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install dref@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls dref

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-26278, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls dref

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Dref in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls dref command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), where the product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. In Dref, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A prototype pollution in the lib.set function of dref v0.1.2 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.

CVE-2025-26278 Affected Dref Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
dref
npm/dref
npm
≤ 0.1.2

References

NVD — CVE-2025-26278 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26278
Dref Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://gist.github.com/tariqhawis/ad92d5e683f3a5d83e0629955ff42ad7
Dref Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/OrangeShieldInfos/PoCs/tree/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/CVE-2025-26278

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-26278?
CVE-2025-26278 is a security vulnerability in Dref involving dref is vulnerable to prototype pollution under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution').
Which Dref versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: dref.
What version fixes CVE-2025-26278?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is dref affected?
Yes, dref is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-26278?
CVE-2025-26278 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-26278?
CVE-2025-26278 is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-26278?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls dref'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-76g8-235f-gj6p",
  "modified" : "2025-09-26T13:04:47Z",
  "published" : "2025-09-25T15:30:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-26278" ],
  "summary" : "dref is vulnerable to prototype pollution",
  "details" : "A prototype pollution in the lib.set function of dref v0.1.2 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "dref"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "0.1.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26278"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://gist.github.com/tariqhawis/ad92d5e683f3a5d83e0629955ff42ad7"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/OrangeShieldInfos/PoCs/tree/main/JavaScript/prototype-pollution/CVE-2025-26278"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1321" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-09-26T13:04:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-09-25T14:15:43Z"
  }
}