Vulnerabilities in pkg:npm/Proto

PACKAGE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-58g2-9fqr-36q2
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2021-23426 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) prototype pollution vulnerability (CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')) affecting Proto libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves prototype pollution in proto. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

1 Known Advisory Record(s)
Package Vulnerability Intelligence

pkg:npm/Proto

1 Known Advisory Record(s)

Vulnerability advisories affecting package pkg:npm/Proto. Select an advisory below to view technical details or fixes.

Advisory ID CVE / NVD Severity Summary
GHSA-58g2-9fqr-36q2 CVE-2021-23426 HIGH Prototype Pollution in Proto

CVE-2021-23426 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2021-23426
GHSA Identifier GHSA-58g2-9fqr-36q2
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Affected Product Proto
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2021-23426

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Proto dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Proto fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install Proto@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls Proto

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2021-23426, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls Proto

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Proto in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls Proto command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), where the product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. In Proto, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

This affects all versions of package Proto. It is possible to inject pollute the object property of an application using Proto by leveraging the merge function.

CVE-2021-23426 Affected Proto Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
Proto
npm/Proto
npm
≤ 1.1.4

References

NVD — CVE-2021-23426 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23426
Proto Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/adriancmiranda/Proto
snyk.io/vuln/snyk-js-proto-... WEB
https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-PROTO-1316301
www.npmjs.com/package/proto WEB
https://www.npmjs.com/package/Proto

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2021-23426?
CVE-2021-23426 is a security vulnerability in Proto involving Prototype Pollution in Proto under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution').
Which Proto versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: Proto.
What version fixes CVE-2021-23426?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is Proto affected?
Yes, Proto is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-23426?
CVE-2021-23426 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2021-23426?
CVE-2021-23426 is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2021-23426?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls Proto'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-58g2-9fqr-36q2",
  "modified" : "2021-09-10T17:08:40Z",
  "published" : "2021-09-02T22:01:01Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2021-23426" ],
  "summary" : "Prototype Pollution in Proto",
  "details" : "This affects all versions of package Proto. It is possible to inject pollute the object property of an application using Proto by leveraging the merge function.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "Proto"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "1.1.4"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23426"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/adriancmiranda/Proto"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-PROTO-1316301"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.npmjs.com/package/Proto"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1321" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2021-09-02T17:04:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2021-09-01T15:15:00Z"
  }
}