CVE-2026-72716: Orval Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-p4cg-3328-rvfg",
  "modified" : "2026-09-02T14:53:15Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-02T14:53:14Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-72716" ],
  "summary" : "Orval: Import-time RCE via query-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\nOrval's zod schema generation emits the **query-parameter** `default` value as a module-level template literal\n(`export const …Default = `<default>`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form\n`v${<code>}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is\nimported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified\non Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.\n\n### Details\n\n```ts\nexport const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`;   // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import\n```\n\nMalicious input: a query parameter with a `default` of `v${<attacker JS>}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression.\n\nNote: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod\ntemplate-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose\nto consolidate the related reports.\n\n### PoC\n\n`reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles\nit, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.\n\n### Impact\n\nCode execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an\nattacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.\n\n### Suggested fix\n\nEmit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${`\nif a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to\nevery `default` position.\n[maintainer-report.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399067/maintainer-report.txt)\n[make_spec.py](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399068/make_spec.py)\n[reproduce.sh](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399069/reproduce.sh)",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "orval"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "8.21.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-p4cg-3328-rvfg"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72716"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1336" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-09-02T14:53:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-08-19T18:17:25Z"
  }
}