CVE-2026-53659: http4k Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-g4w2-6h2r-3m3w
CVSS 7.5
CWE-409
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-53659 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)) affecting http4k libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves unbounded gzip decompression in `serverfilters.gzip` / `requestfilters.gunzip` allowed memory-exhaustion dos. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 6.49.0.0, 5.42.0.0.

CVE-2026-53659 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-53659
GHSA Identifier GHSA-g4w2-6h2r-3m3w
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Affected Product http4k
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2026-53659

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected http4k dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.http4k:http4k-core fixed: 6.49.0.0
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.http4k</groupId>
    <artifactId>http4k-core</artifactId>
    <version>6.49.0.0</version>
</dependency>
org.http4k:http4k-core fixed: 5.42.0.0
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.http4k</groupId>
    <artifactId>http4k-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.42.0.0</version>
</dependency>
org.http4k:http4k-core fixed: Latest secure release
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.http4k</groupId>
    <artifactId>http4k-core</artifactId>
    <version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.http4k

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2026-53659, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.http4k

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of http4k in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 6.49.0.0), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.http4k command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification), where the product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output. In http4k, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact `ServerFilters.GZip` and `RequestFilters.GunZip` (and the underlying `Gzip` functions used to decompress request bodies) did not impose any cap on the decompressed size. A small malicious gzip-encoded request body (on the order of kilobytes) could decompress to gigabytes, exhausting the JVM heap and denying service to other clients. **Who is affected:** any http4k server that accepts gzip-encoded requests via `ServerFilters.GZip` or `RequestFilters.GunZip`. Exploitable by any unauthenticated client. The vulnerability was introduced on 2017-08-01 (commit `2618fe08f9`) and was present for ~9 years. ### Patches | Line | Fixed in | Edition | |------|----------|---------| | v6.x (Community) | **6.49.0.0** | Community | | v5.x (LTS) | **5.42.0.0** | Enterprise — contact [enterprise@http4k.org](mailto:enterprise@http4k.org) | | v4.x (LTS) | **4.51.0.0** | Enterprise — contact [enterprise@http4k.org](mailto:enterprise@http4k.org) | The fix caps decompression at 10MB by default; oversized requests through `ServerFilters.GZip` / `RequestFilters.GunZip` now return `413 Request Entity Too Large`, and decompressing elsewhere throws `SizeLimitExceededException`. The keyed `hmacSHA256` helper and other safe paths are unaffected. ### Workarounds For deployments that cannot upgrade immediately: - Replace the `GZip` / `GunZip` filters with custom versions that wrap the decompressed `InputStream` in a size-limited reader, or - Strip gzip-encoded request support at the edge (CDN, reverse proxy, or load balancer). ### References - Vulnerability introduced: [`2618fe08f9`](https://github.com/http4k/http4k/commit/2618fe08f9) - Fix release: [v6.49.0.0](https://github.com/http4k/http4k/releases/tag/6.49.0.0) - Background: [CWE-409 — Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/409.html)

CVE-2026-53659 Affected http4k Versions

3 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
6.49.0.05.42.0.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.http4k:http4k-core
Maven
≥ 6.0.0.0
< 6.49.0.0
6.49.0.0
org.http4k:http4k-core
Maven
≥ 5.0.0.0
< 5.42.0.0
5.42.0.0
org.http4k:http4k-core
Maven
≤ 4.48.2.0

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-53659?
CVE-2026-53659 is a security vulnerability in http4k involving Unbounded gzip decompression in `ServerFilters.GZip` / `RequestFilters.GunZip` allowed memory-exhaustion DoS under CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification).
Which http4k versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 6.49.0.0, 5.42.0.0 across affected packages: org.http4k:http4k-core.
What version fixes CVE-2026-53659?
Upgrading to 6.49.0.0, 5.42.0.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is http4k-core affected?
Yes, org.http4k:http4k-core is affected in releases prior to 6.49.0.0, 5.42.0.0, Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to 6.49.0.0, 5.42.0.0, Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-53659?
CVE-2026-53659 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-53659?
CVE-2026-53659 is classified under CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2026-53659?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.http4k'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-g4w2-6h2r-3m3w",
  "modified" : "2026-08-17T21:58:23Z",
  "published" : "2026-08-17T21:52:27Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-53659" ],
  "summary" : "http4k: Unbounded gzip decompression in `ServerFilters.GZip` / `RequestFilters.GunZip` allowed memory-exhaustion DoS",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\n`ServerFilters.GZip` and `RequestFilters.GunZip` (and the underlying `Gzip` functions used to decompress request bodies) did not impose any cap on the decompressed size. A small malicious gzip-encoded request body (on the order of kilobytes) could decompress to gigabytes, exhausting the JVM heap and denying service to other clients.\n\n**Who is affected:** any http4k server that accepts gzip-encoded requests via `ServerFilters.GZip` or `RequestFilters.GunZip`. Exploitable by any unauthenticated client. The vulnerability was introduced on 2017-08-01 (commit `2618fe08f9`) and was present for ~9 years.\n\n### Patches\n\n| Line | Fixed in | Edition |\n|------|----------|---------|\n| v6.x (Community) | **6.49.0.0** | Community |\n| v5.x (LTS) | **5.42.0.0** | Enterprise — contact [enterprise@http4k.org](mailto:enterprise@http4k.org) |\n| v4.x (LTS) | **4.51.0.0** | Enterprise — contact [enterprise@http4k.org](mailto:enterprise@http4k.org) |\n\nThe fix caps decompression at 10MB by default; oversized requests through `ServerFilters.GZip` / `RequestFilters.GunZip` now return `413 Request Entity Too Large`, and decompressing elsewhere throws `SizeLimitExceededException`. The keyed `hmacSHA256` helper and other safe paths are unaffected.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor deployments that cannot upgrade immediately:\n- Replace the `GZip` / `GunZip` filters with custom versions that wrap the decompressed `InputStream` in a size-limited reader, or\n- Strip gzip-encoded request support at the edge (CDN, reverse proxy, or load balancer).\n\n### References\n\n- Vulnerability introduced: [`2618fe08f9`](https://github.com/http4k/http4k/commit/2618fe08f9)\n- Fix release: [v6.49.0.0](https://github.com/http4k/http4k/releases/tag/6.49.0.0)\n- Background: [CWE-409 — Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/409.html)",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.http4k:http4k-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "6.0.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "6.49.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.http4k:http4k-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "5.0.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.42.0.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.http4k:http4k-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "4.48.2.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/http4k/http4k/security/advisories/GHSA-g4w2-6h2r-3m3w"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/http4k/http4k"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/http4k/http4k/releases/tag/6.49.0.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-409" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-08-17T21:52:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}