CVE-2026-45366: @utcp/http SSRF Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-r8j5-8747-88cm",
  "modified" : "2026-06-09T10:26:31Z",
  "published" : "2026-05-14T20:55:05Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-45366" ],
  "summary" : "@utcp/http: SSRF via attacker-controlled OpenAPI servers[0].url in HTTP communication protocol",
  "details" : "## Summary\n\nThe `@utcp/http` package is vulnerable to a blind Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) caused by a trust-boundary inconsistency between manual discovery and tool invocation. `registerManual()` validates the discovery URL against an HTTPS / loopback allowlist, but `callTool()` reuses the resolved `toolCallTemplate.url` directly without revalidating, and the `OpenApiConverter` blindly trusts whatever `servers[0].url` an attacker-hosted spec declares. An attacker who hosts a malicious OpenAPI spec on a legitimate HTTPS endpoint can declare e.g. `servers: [{ url: \"http://127.0.0.1:9090\" }]` or `servers: [{ url: \"http://169.254.169.254\" }]`; the converter then produces tools whose URL points at internal services on the agent host.\n\nA separate prefix-bypass also affected the discovery-time check: the previous `startsWith('http://localhost')` guard let URLs like `http://localhost.evil.com` through.\n\n## Sister advisory\n\nThis is the npm/TypeScript counterpart of [GHSA-39j6-4867-gg4w / CVE-2026-44661](https://github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/python-utcp/security/advisories/GHSA-39j6-4867-gg4w) on the Python `utcp-http` package. Same vulnerability, same fix shape, same reporter.\n\n## Versions and patch state\n\n- `@utcp/http <= 1.1.1` — vulnerable. Both the loopback-redirect (`http://127.0.0.1`) and the non-loopback internal-IP variants (e.g. `http://169.254.169.254`, `http://10.0.0.5`) succeed. Note: the `streamable_http` and `sse` `callToolStreaming` paths in 1.1.1 are TODO placeholders and don't actually fetch URLs, so the runtime SSRF surface in these protocols is currently confined to discovery — a future implementation must also call `ensureSecureUrl` before issuing the request.\n- `@utcp/http 1.1.2` — full fix. Runtime revalidation in `callTool` closes the non-loopback variants; the `OpenApiConverter` rejects, at conversion time, any spec fetched from a non-loopback source that declares a loopback `servers[0].url`, closing the loopback-redirect variant.\n\n## Impact\n\nA remote attacker who can convince the agent (via the LLM context, prompt injection, or a tool-discovery surface) to register their HTTPS OpenAPI URL can:\n- Map internal networks behind the agent.\n- Read AWS/GCP IAM credentials from cloud metadata endpoints (`http://169.254.169.254`, `http://metadata.google.internal`).\n- Reach unauthenticated internal services exposed on loopback (Elasticsearch, Redis HTTP, internal admin panels, the agent's own HTTP server).\n- Have responses returned to the LLM, which combined with prompt injection enables exfiltration back to the attacker.\n\n## Patch\n\nCommit on `dev`: 21f63e6.\n\nNew helper `packages/http/src/_security.ts` exposes `isSecureUrl`, `isLoopbackUrl`, `ensureSecureUrl`. Hostname-based validation closes the prefix bypass (`http://localhost.evil.com` → rejected). All three protocols' `registerManual` now call `ensureSecureUrl(url, 'manual discovery')`; `callTool` re-checks the resolved URL with `ensureSecureUrl(url, 'tool invocation')` immediately before the axios request. `OpenApiConverter` rejects remote spec → loopback server.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nFor users who cannot upgrade immediately:\n- Refuse to call `registerManual` with any URL controlled by an untrusted party, even over HTTPS.\n- Restrict outbound network access from the host running the agent so internal addresses (RFC1918, 169.254.0.0/16, loopback) are unreachable.\n\n## Credit\n\nDiscovered and reported by [@YLChen-007](https://github.com/YLChen-007) against the Python sibling implementation (universal-tool-calling-protocol/python-utcp#83). The TypeScript port shared the same code shape and the same vulnerability.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "@utcp/http"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.1.2"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 1.1.1"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/typescript-utcp/security/advisories/GHSA-r8j5-8747-88cm"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45366"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/python-utcp/issues/83"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/universal-tool-calling-protocol/typescript-utcp"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-918" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-05-14T20:55:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-05-28T22:17:00Z"
  }
}