CVE-2026-41395: OpenClaw Voice-call Plivo V3 Webhook Replay Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-8689-gm9g-jgr6
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CWE-294
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-41395 is a HIGH voice-call plivo v3 webhook replay vulnerability (CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay) affecting OpenClaw libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves voice-call plivo v3 webhook replay key uses unsorted url, allowing replay via query-parameter reordering. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2026.3.28.

CVE-2026-41395 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-41395
GHSA Identifier GHSA-8689-gm9g-jgr6
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Affected Product OpenClaw
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2026-41395

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected OpenClaw dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

openclaw fixed: 2026.3.28 
npm install openclaw@2026.3.28
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls openclaw

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2026-41395, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls openclaw

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of OpenClaw in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2026.3.28), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls openclaw command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay, where a capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes). In OpenClaw, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Summary Plivo V3 signature verification canonicalized query ordering, but replay detection hashed the raw verification URL. Reordering query parameters preserved a valid signature while producing a fresh replay-cache key. ## Impact An attacker who captured one valid signed Plivo V3 webhook could replay the same event by permuting query parameters and trigger duplicate voice-call processing. ## Affected Component `extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.ts` ## Fixed Versions - Affected: `<= 2026.3.24` - Patched: `>= 2026.3.28` - Latest stable `2026.3.28` contains the fix. ## Fix Fixed by commit `85777e726c` (`Voice Call: canonicalize Plivo V3 replay key`).

CVE-2026-41395 Affected OpenClaw Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2026.3.28
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
openclaw
npm/openclaw
npm
< 2026.3.28
2026.3.28

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-8689-gm9g-jgr6
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/85777e726cb02c01a911b3ff832ddf4d664d5c94
OpenClaw Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-41395?
CVE-2026-41395 is a security vulnerability in OpenClaw involving Voice-call Plivo V3 webhook replay key uses unsorted URL, allowing replay via query-parameter reordering under CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay.
Which OpenClaw versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2026.3.28 across affected packages: openclaw.
What version fixes CVE-2026-41395?
Upgrading to 2026.3.28 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is openclaw affected?
Yes, openclaw is affected in releases prior to 2026.3.28. Upgrade your dependency to 2026.3.28 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-41395?
CVE-2026-41395 is classified under CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2026-41395?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls openclaw'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-8689-gm9g-jgr6",
  "modified" : "2026-04-28T18:21:08Z",
  "published" : "2026-03-31T23:50:02Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-41395" ],
  "summary" : "OpenClaw: Voice-call Plivo V3 webhook replay key uses unsorted URL, allowing replay via query-parameter reordering",
  "details" : "## Summary\n\nPlivo V3 signature verification canonicalized query ordering, but replay detection hashed the raw verification URL. Reordering query parameters preserved a valid signature while producing a fresh replay-cache key.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who captured one valid signed Plivo V3 webhook could replay the same event by permuting query parameters and trigger duplicate voice-call processing.\n\n## Affected Component\n\n`extensions/voice-call/src/webhook-security.ts`\n\n## Fixed Versions\n\n- Affected: `<= 2026.3.24`\n- Patched: `>= 2026.3.28`\n- Latest stable `2026.3.28` contains the fix.\n\n## Fix\n\nFixed by commit `85777e726c` (`Voice Call: canonicalize Plivo V3 replay key`).",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "openclaw"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2026.3.28"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-8689-gm9g-jgr6"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/85777e726cb02c01a911b3ff832ddf4d664d5c94"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-294" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-03-31T23:50:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}