CVE-2026-25056: N8n Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm
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CWE-693 CWE-434
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2026-25056 is a CRITICAL remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure) affecting N8n libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves n8n merge node has arbitrary file write leading to rce. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.118.0, 2.4.0.

CVE-2026-25056 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2026-25056
GHSA Identifier GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure
Affected Product N8n
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2026-25056

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected N8n dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

n8n fixed: 1.118.0 
npm install n8n@1.118.0
n8n fixed: 2.4.0 
npm install n8n@2.4.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls n8n

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2026-25056, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls n8n

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of N8n in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.118.0), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls n8n command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure, where the product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product. In N8n, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Impact A vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution. ## Patches The issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability. ## Workarounds If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: - Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only. - Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations. - Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node's SQL Query mode. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures. ## **Resources** - [n8n Documentation — Blocking nodes](https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/securing/blocking-nodes/) — how to globally disable specific nodes --- n8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2026-25056 Affected N8n Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.118.02.4.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
n8n
npm/n8n
npm
< 1.118.0
1.118.0
n8n
npm/n8n
npm
≥ 2.0.0
< 2.4.0
2.4.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm
NVD — CVE-2026-25056 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25056
N8n Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-25056?
CVE-2026-25056 is a security vulnerability in N8n involving n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE under CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure.
Which N8n versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.118.0, 2.4.0 across affected packages: n8n.
What version fixes CVE-2026-25056?
Upgrading to 1.118.0, 2.4.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is n8n affected?
Yes, n8n is affected in releases prior to 1.118.0, 2.4.0. Upgrade your dependency to 1.118.0, 2.4.0 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2026-25056?
CVE-2026-25056 is classified under CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure (The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2026-25056?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls n8n'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm",
  "modified" : "2026-02-04T19:39:41Z",
  "published" : "2026-02-04T19:39:41Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-25056" ],
  "summary" : "n8n Merge Node has Arbitrary File Write leading to RCE",
  "details" : "## Impact\n\nA vulnerability in the Merge node's SQL Query mode allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to write arbitrary files to the n8n server's filesystem potentially leading to remote code execution.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n version 2.4.0, 1.118.0. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n\n- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.\n- Disable or restrict use of the Merge node if not essential for operations.\n- Review workflows for suspicious use of the Merge node's SQL Query mode.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.\n\n## **Resources**\n\n- [n8n Documentation — Blocking nodes](https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/securing/blocking-nodes/) — how to globally disable specific nodes\n\n\n---\nn8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility. \n\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "n8n"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.118.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "n8n"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.4.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hv53-3329-vmrm"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25056"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-434", "CWE-693" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-02-04T19:39:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-02-04T17:16:23Z"
  }
}