CVE-2026-106449: yawkat LZ4 Java LZ4BlockInputStream With StopOnEmptyBlock=false Recurses Once Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-343h-94h5-c4wr",
  "modified" : "2026-10-07T20:35:46Z",
  "published" : "2026-10-07T20:35:46Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2026-106449" ],
  "summary" : "yawkat LZ4 Java: LZ4BlockInputStream with stopOnEmptyBlock=false recurses once per empty block, causing StackOverflowError",
  "details" : "### Summary\n\nWhen `LZ4BlockInputStream` is configured with `stopOnEmptyBlock = false` (the mode for reading concatenated block streams), it handles each empty block by calling `refill()` recursively. A long run of empty blocks exhausts the thread stack and throws `StackOverflowError` out of `read()` or `skip()`.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4BlockInputStream.refill()`:\n\n```java\nif (originalLen == 0 && compressedLen == 0) {\n  if (check != 0) {\n    throw new IOException(\"Stream is corrupted\");\n  }\n  if (!stopOnEmptyBlock) {\n    refill();\n  } else {\n    finished = true;\n  }\n  return;\n}\n```\n\nEach well-formed empty block is 21 bytes and adds one stack frame, with no limit on nesting depth. In local testing, around 10,000 to 100,000 consecutive empty blocks (about 210 KB to 2.1 MB, depending on JIT state and thread stack size) threw `StackOverflowError`. `StackOverflowError` is an `Error`, not an `IOException`, so callers that only handle I/O errors for corrupt input don't catch it.\n\n### Impact\n\nApplications that decode attacker-controlled `LZ4Block` streams with `LZ4BlockInputStream.newBuilder().withStopOnEmptyBlock(false)` or the deprecated `LZ4BlockInputStream(InputStream, boolean)` constructor can have the decoding thread fail with `StackOverflowError`. The default configuration (`stopOnEmptyBlock = true`) is not affected. There is no memory corruption. Availability impact only.\n\n### Patch\n\nFixed in lz4-java 1.11.4. Empty blocks are now skipped in a loop instead of by recursion, so any number of consecutive empty blocks uses constant stack space.\n\nFor older versions, the workaround is to use the default `stopOnEmptyBlock = true` for untrusted input, or catch `StackOverflowError` around the read loop.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.11.4"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 1.11.3"
    }
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.lz4:lz4-java"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "1.8.1"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/yawkat/lz4-java/security/advisories/GHSA-343h-94h5-c4wr"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-106449"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/yawkat/lz4-java/commit/c8ebf97d504fb34434fda46fc761e8202570e0d8"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/yawkat/lz4-java"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/yawkat/lz4-java/releases/tag/v1.11.4"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-674" ],
    "severity" : "LOW",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-10-07T20:35:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-10-06T20:17:26Z"
  }
}