CVE-2025-68271: Openc3 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp
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CVSS 10.0
CWE-95
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-68271 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 10.0) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')) affecting Openc3 libraries in the RubyGems ecosystem. The issue involves openc3-api vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 6.10.2.

CVE-2025-68271 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-68271
GHSA Identifier GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 10.0
CWE Classification CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Affected Product Openc3
Package Ecosystem RubyGems
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 10.0

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Changed (S:C)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-68271

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Openc3 dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

openc3 fixed: 6.10.2 
Upgrade openc3 to 6.10.2
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for openc3

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-68271, inspect your project dependencies for Openc3:

inspect dependencies for openc3

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Openc3 in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 6.10.2), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection'), where the product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval"). In Openc3, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary OpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using String#convert_to_value. For array-like inputs, convert_to_value executes eval(). Because the cmd code path parses the command string before calling authorize(), an unauthenticated attacker can trigger Ruby code execution even though the request ultimately fails authorization (401).

CVE-2025-68271 Affected Openc3 Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
6.10.2
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
openc3
gem/openc3
RubyGems
≥ 5.0.6
< 6.10.2
6.10.2

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisories/GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp
NVD — CVE-2025-68271 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68271
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/commit/01e9fbc5e66e9a2500b71a75a44775dd1fc2d1de
Openc3 Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos
Openc3 Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/openc3/CVE-2025-68271.yml

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-68271?
CVE-2025-68271 is a security vulnerability in Openc3 involving openc3-api Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution under CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection').
Which Openc3 versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 6.10.2 across affected packages: openc3.
What version fixes CVE-2025-68271?
Upgrading to 6.10.2 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is openc3 affected?
Yes, openc3 is affected in releases prior to 6.10.2. Upgrade your dependency to 6.10.2 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-68271?
CVE-2025-68271 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 10.0 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-68271?
CVE-2025-68271 is classified under CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection') (The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").).
How can I check RubyGems dependencies for CVE-2025-68271?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for openc3'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp",
  "modified" : "2026-01-14T21:44:52Z",
  "published" : "2026-01-13T19:01:49Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-68271" ],
  "summary" : "openc3-api Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution",
  "details" : "### Summary\nOpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using String#convert_to_value. For array-like inputs, convert_to_value executes eval().\n\nBecause the cmd code path parses the command string before calling authorize(), an unauthenticated attacker can trigger Ruby code execution even though the request ultimately fails authorization (401).",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "RubyGems",
      "name" : "openc3"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "5.0.6"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "6.10.2"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisories/GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68271"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/commit/01e9fbc5e66e9a2500b71a75a44775dd1fc2d1de"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/openc3/CVE-2025-68271.yml"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-95" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-01-13T19:01:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-01-13T19:16:14Z"
  }
}