CVE-2025-62399: Moodle/moodle Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-m58f-9pvv-8mp2
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-307
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-62399 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts) affecting Moodle/moodle libraries in the Packagist ecosystem. The issue involves moodle vulnerable to brute-force password guesses. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11, 4.1.21.

CVE-2025-62399 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-62399
GHSA Identifier GHSA-m58f-9pvv-8mp2
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
Affected Product Moodle/moodle
Package Ecosystem Packagist
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-62399

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Moodle/moodle dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

moodle/moodle fixed: 5.0.3 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 5.0.3
moodle/moodle fixed: 4.5.7 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 4.5.7
moodle/moodle fixed: 4.4.11 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 4.4.11
moodle/moodle fixed: 4.1.21 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 4.1.21
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for moodle/moodle

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-62399, inspect your project dependencies for Moodle/moodle:

inspect dependencies for moodle/moodle

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Moodle/moodle in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 5.0.3), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts, where the product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame. In Moodle/moodle, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Moodle's mobile and web service authentication endpoints did not sufficiently restrict repeated password attempts, making them susceptible to brute-force attacks.

CVE-2025-62399 Affected Moodle/moodle Versions

4 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
5.0.34.5.74.4.114.1.21
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
≥ 5.0.0-beta
< 5.0.3
5.0.3
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
≥ 4.5.0-beta
< 4.5.7
4.5.7
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
≥ 4.2.0-beta
< 4.4.11
4.4.11
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
< 4.1.21
4.1.21

References

NVD — CVE-2025-62399 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62399
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/e4d02567c922c537086de9f59f063ca073552a3a
Moodle/moodle Security Information SECURITY
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-62399
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404432
Moodle/moodle Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/moodle/moodle
moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.p... WEB
https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=470388

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-62399?
CVE-2025-62399 is a security vulnerability in Moodle/moodle involving Moodle vulnerable to brute-force password guesses under CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts.
Which Moodle/moodle versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11, 4.1.21 across affected packages: moodle/moodle.
What version fixes CVE-2025-62399?
Upgrading to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11, 4.1.21 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is moodle/moodle affected?
Yes, moodle/moodle is affected in releases prior to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11, 4.1.21. Upgrade your dependency to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11, 4.1.21 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-62399?
CVE-2025-62399 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-62399?
CVE-2025-62399 is classified under CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (The product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame.).
How can I check Packagist dependencies for CVE-2025-62399?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for moodle/moodle'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-m58f-9pvv-8mp2",
  "modified" : "2025-10-24T20:58:12Z",
  "published" : "2025-10-23T12:31:17Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-62399" ],
  "summary" : "Moodle vulnerable to brute-force password guesses",
  "details" : "Moodle's mobile and web service authentication endpoints did not sufficiently restrict repeated password attempts, making them susceptible to brute-force attacks.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "5.0.0-beta"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.0.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.5.0-beta"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.5.7"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.2.0-beta"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.4.11"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.1.21"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62399"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/e4d02567c922c537086de9f59f063ca073552a3a"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-62399"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404432"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=470388"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-307" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-10-24T20:58:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-10-23T12:15:32Z"
  }
}