CVE-2025-62398: Moodle/moodle Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-25wf-7x6c-wmpf
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CVSS 5.3
CWE-287
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-62398 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.3) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-287: Improper Authentication) affecting Moodle/moodle libraries in the Packagist ecosystem. The issue involves moodle does not properly enforce mfa. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11.

CVE-2025-62398 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-62398
GHSA Identifier GHSA-25wf-7x6c-wmpf
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.3
CWE Classification CWE-287: Improper Authentication
Affected Product Moodle/moodle
Package Ecosystem Packagist
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.3

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-62398

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Moodle/moodle dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

moodle/moodle fixed: 5.0.3 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 5.0.3
moodle/moodle fixed: 4.5.7 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 4.5.7
moodle/moodle fixed: 4.4.11 
Upgrade moodle/moodle to 4.4.11
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for moodle/moodle

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-62398, inspect your project dependencies for Moodle/moodle:

inspect dependencies for moodle/moodle

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Moodle/moodle in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 5.0.3), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-287: Improper Authentication, where when an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct. In Moodle/moodle, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A serious authentication flaw allowed attackers with valid credentials to bypass multi-factor authentication under certain conditions, potentially compromising user accounts.

CVE-2025-62398 Affected Moodle/moodle Versions

3 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
5.0.34.5.74.4.11
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
≥ 5.0.0-beta
< 5.0.3
5.0.3
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
≥ 4.5.0-beta
< 4.5.7
4.5.7
moodle/moodle
 Packagist
≥ 4.4.0-beta
< 4.4.11
4.4.11

References

NVD — CVE-2025-62398 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62398
Moodle/moodle Security Information SECURITY
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-62398
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/67005f8b2098096f4c7ca4f78ab9ce69415d703b
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/a2078f781ae065ca1f781bd159c7615c84afcaa5
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404431
Moodle/moodle Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/moodle/moodle
moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.p... WEB
https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=470387

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-62398?
CVE-2025-62398 is a security vulnerability in Moodle/moodle involving Moodle does not properly enforce MFA under CWE-287: Improper Authentication.
Which Moodle/moodle versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11 across affected packages: moodle/moodle.
What version fixes CVE-2025-62398?
Upgrading to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is moodle/moodle affected?
Yes, moodle/moodle is affected in releases prior to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11. Upgrade your dependency to 5.0.3, 4.5.7, 4.4.11 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-62398?
CVE-2025-62398 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-62398?
CVE-2025-62398 is classified under CWE-287: Improper Authentication (When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.).
How can I check Packagist dependencies for CVE-2025-62398?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for moodle/moodle'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-25wf-7x6c-wmpf",
  "modified" : "2025-10-24T20:29:02Z",
  "published" : "2025-10-23T12:31:17Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-62398" ],
  "summary" : "Moodle does not properly enforce MFA",
  "details" : "A serious authentication flaw allowed attackers with valid credentials to bypass multi-factor authentication under certain conditions, potentially compromising user accounts.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "5.0.0-beta"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.0.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.5.0-beta"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.5.7"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "moodle/moodle"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "4.4.0-beta"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.4.11"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62398"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/67005f8b2098096f4c7ca4f78ab9ce69415d703b"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/a2078f781ae065ca1f781bd159c7615c84afcaa5"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-62398"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404431"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=470387"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-287" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-10-24T17:43:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-10-23T12:15:32Z"
  }
}