CVE-2025-56769: Hutool extra Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-gcfh-36x4-mgj6
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CWE-917
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-56769 is a HIGH remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')) affecting Hutool extra libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves hutool allows remote code execution (rce) via the qlexpressengine class. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 5.8.40.

CVE-2025-56769 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-56769
GHSA Identifier GHSA-gcfh-36x4-mgj6
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')
Affected Product Hutool extra
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-56769

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Hutool extra dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

cn.hutool:hutool-extra fixed: 5.8.40 
<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
    <artifactId>hutool-extra</artifactId>
    <version>5.8.40</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=cn.hutool

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-56769, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=cn.hutool

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Hutool extra in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 5.8.40), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=cn.hutool command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an expression language (el) statement in a framework such as a java server page (jsp) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended el statement before it is executed. In Hutool extra, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

An issue was discovered in chinabugotech hutool before 5.8.40 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary expressions that lead to arbitrary method invocation and potentially remote code execution (RCE) via the QLExpressEngine class.

CVE-2025-56769 Affected Hutool extra Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
5.8.40
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
cn.hutool:hutool-extra
maven/cn.hutool/hutool-extra
Maven
< 5.8.40
5.8.40

References

NVD — CVE-2025-56769 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-56769
Hutool extra Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/chinabugotech/hutool/issues/3994
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/chinabugotech/hutool/commit/3d0d8dea4bc2fac2e9b45dc67244195f30e42e4b
Hutool extra Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/chinabugotech/hutool

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-56769?
CVE-2025-56769 is a security vulnerability in Hutool extra involving Hutool allows remote code execution (RCE) via the QLExpressEngine class under CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection').
Which Hutool extra versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 5.8.40 across affected packages: cn.hutool:hutool-extra.
What version fixes CVE-2025-56769?
Upgrading to 5.8.40 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is hutool-extra affected?
Yes, cn.hutool:hutool-extra is affected in releases prior to 5.8.40. Upgrade your dependency to 5.8.40 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-56769?
CVE-2025-56769 is classified under CWE-917: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a framework such as a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-56769?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=cn.hutool'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-gcfh-36x4-mgj6",
  "modified" : "2025-09-26T15:14:58Z",
  "published" : "2025-09-26T00:31:19Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-56769" ],
  "summary" : "Hutool allows remote code execution (RCE) via the QLExpressEngine class",
  "details" : "An issue was discovered in chinabugotech hutool before 5.8.40 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary expressions that lead to arbitrary method invocation and potentially remote code execution (RCE) via the QLExpressEngine class.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "cn.hutool:hutool-extra"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "5.8.40"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-56769"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/chinabugotech/hutool/issues/3994"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/chinabugotech/hutool/commit/3d0d8dea4bc2fac2e9b45dc67244195f30e42e4b"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/chinabugotech/hutool"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-917" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-09-26T15:14:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-09-25T23:15:54Z"
  }
}