CVE-2025-55449: Astrbot Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-321 CWE-798 CWE-345
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-55449 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key) affecting Astrbot libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves astrbot is vulnerable to rce with hard-coded jwt signing keys. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.5.18.

CVE-2025-55449 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-55449
GHSA Identifier GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
Affected Product Astrbot
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-55449

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Astrbot dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

astrbot fixed: 3.5.18 
pip install astrbot>=3.5.18
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show astrbot

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-55449, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show astrbot

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Astrbot in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.5.18), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show astrbot command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key, where the product uses a hard-coded, unchangeable cryptographic key. In Astrbot, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary AstrBot uses a hard-coded JWT signing key, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands by installing a malicious plugin. ### Details AstrBot uses a [hard-coded JWT signing key](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/v3.5.16/astrbot/core/__init__.py), which allows attackers to bypass the authentication mechanism. Once bypassed, the attacker can install a Python plugin that will be imported [here](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/master/astrbot/dashboard/routes/plugin.py), enabling arbitrary command execution on the target host. ### Impact All publicly accessible AstrBot instances are vulnerable. For more information, please see: [CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE](https://github.com/Marven11/CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE) ### Patch This vulnerability was first reported on **2025-06-21** and was patched on the **same day** (2025-06-21). The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on **2025-11-14**. Prior to public disclosure, monitoring from AstrBot Cloud indicated that fewer than 2% of deployed instances were still running the affected version. Therefore, this disclosure is not expected to have a significant impact on existing active instances.

CVE-2025-55449 Affected Astrbot Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.5.18
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
astrbot
pypi/astrbot
PyPI
< 3.5.18
3.5.18

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/security/advisories/GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425
NVD — CVE-2025-55449 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55449
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/commit/d03e9fb90a0921a1bd10cf480bdacc9aaa246472
Astrbot Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot
Astrbot Release RELEASE
https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/releases/tag/v3.5.18
Astrbot Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/Marven11/CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-55449?
CVE-2025-55449 is a security vulnerability in Astrbot involving AstrBot is vulnerable to RCE with hard-coded JWT signing keys under CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key.
Which Astrbot versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.5.18 across affected packages: astrbot.
What version fixes CVE-2025-55449?
Upgrading to 3.5.18 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is astrbot affected?
Yes, astrbot is affected in releases prior to 3.5.18. Upgrade your dependency to 3.5.18 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-55449?
CVE-2025-55449 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-55449?
CVE-2025-55449 is classified under CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (The product uses a hard-coded, unchangeable cryptographic key.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-55449?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show astrbot'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425",
  "modified" : "2026-05-12T13:31:11Z",
  "published" : "2025-11-14T21:52:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-55449" ],
  "summary" : "AstrBot is vulnerable to RCE with hard-coded JWT signing keys",
  "details" : "### Summary\nAstrBot uses a hard-coded JWT signing key, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands by installing a malicious plugin.\n\n### Details\n\nAstrBot uses a [hard-coded JWT signing key](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/v3.5.16/astrbot/core/__init__.py), which allows attackers to bypass the authentication mechanism. Once bypassed, the attacker can install a Python plugin that will be imported [here](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/blob/master/astrbot/dashboard/routes/plugin.py), enabling arbitrary command execution on the target host.\n\n### Impact\n\nAll publicly accessible AstrBot instances are vulnerable.\n\nFor more information, please see: [CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE](https://github.com/Marven11/CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE)\n\n### Patch\n\nThis vulnerability was first reported on **2025-06-21** and was patched on the **same day** (2025-06-21).\n\nThe vulnerability was publicly disclosed on **2025-11-14**. Prior to public disclosure, monitoring from AstrBot Cloud indicated that fewer than 2% of deployed instances were still running the affected version. Therefore, this disclosure is not expected to have a significant impact on existing active instances.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "astrbot"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.5.18"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/security/advisories/GHSA-4m32-cjv7-f425"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55449"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/commit/d03e9fb90a0921a1bd10cf480bdacc9aaa246472"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot/releases/tag/v3.5.18"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Marven11/CVE-2025-55449-AstrBot-RCE"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-321", "CWE-345", "CWE-798" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-11-14T21:52:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-05-08T07:16:28Z"
  }
}