CVE-2025-54371: Withdrawn Advisory Axios Has Transitive Critical Vulnerability Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-rm8p-cx58-hcvx
CVSS 7.5
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-54371 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) axios has transitive critical vulnerability vulnerability (General Security Weakness) affecting Withdrawn Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves axios has transitive critical vulnerability via form-data. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.11.0.

CVE-2025-54371 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-54371
GHSA Identifier GHSA-rm8p-cx58-hcvx
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification General Security Weakness
Affected Product Withdrawn Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-54371

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Withdrawn Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

axios fixed: 1.11.0
npm install axios@1.11.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

npm ls axios

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2025-54371, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls axios

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Withdrawn Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.11.0), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls axios command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under General Security Weakness. In Withdrawn Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Withdrawn Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because users of Axios 1.10.0 have the flexibility to use a patched version of form-data, the software in which the vulnerability originates, without upgrading Axios to address GHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4. ### Original Description A critical vulnerability exists in the form-data package used by `axios@1.10.0`. The issue allows an attacker to predict multipart boundary values generated using `Math.random()`, opening the door to HTTP parameter pollution or injection attacks. This was submitted in [issue #6969](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6969) and addressed in [pull request #6970](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/6970). ### Details The vulnerable package `form-data@4.0.0` is used by `axios@1.10.0` as a transitive dependency. It uses non-secure, deterministic randomness (`Math.random()`) to generate multipart boundary strings. This flaw is tracked under [Snyk Advisory SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150) and [CVE-2025-7783](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150). Affected `form-data` versions: - <2.5.4 - >=3.0.0 <3.0.4 - >=4.0.0 <4.0.4 Since `axios@1.10.0` pulls in `form-data@4.0.0`, it is exposed to this issue. ### PoC 1. Install Axios: - `npm install axios@1.10.0` 2.Run `snyk test`: ``` Tested 104 dependencies for known issues, found 1 issue, 1 vulnerable path. ✗ Predictable Value Range from Previous Values [Critical Severity] in form-data@4.0.0 via axios@1.10.0 > form-data@4.0.0 ``` 3. Trigger a multipart/form-data request. Observe the boundary header uses predictable random values, which could be exploited in a targeted environment. ### Impact - **Vulnerability Type**: Predictable Value / HTTP Parameter Pollution - **Risk**: Critical (CVSS 9.4) - **Impacted Users**: Any application using axios@1.10.0 to submit multipart form-data This could potentially allow attackers to: - Interfere with multipart request parsing - Inject unintended parameters - Exploit backend deserialization logic depending on content boundaries ### Related Links [GitHub Issue #6969](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6969) [Pull Request #xxxx](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/xxxx) (replace with actual link) [Snyk Advisory](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150) [form-data on npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/form-data)

CVE-2025-54371 Affected Withdrawn Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.11.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
axios
npm
≥ 1.10.0
< 1.11.0
All 1 versions
1.10.0
1.11.0

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-54371?
CVE-2025-54371 is a security vulnerability in Withdrawn Advisory involving Axios has Transitive Critical Vulnerability via form-data under General Security Weakness.
Which Withdrawn Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.11.0 across affected packages: axios.
What version fixes CVE-2025-54371?
Upgrading to 1.11.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is axios affected?
Yes, axios is affected in releases prior to 1.11.0. Upgrade your dependency to 1.11.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54371?
CVE-2025-54371 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-54371?
CVE-2025-54371 is classified under General Security Weakness.
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2025-54371?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls axios'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-rm8p-cx58-hcvx",
  "modified" : "2025-07-24T13:35:30Z",
  "published" : "2025-07-23T16:49:38Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2025-07-24T13:35:30Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-54371" ],
  "summary" : "Withdrawn Advisory: Axios has Transitive Critical Vulnerability via form-data",
  "details" : "### Withdrawn Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because users of Axios 1.10.0 have the flexibility to use a patched version of form-data, the software in which the vulnerability originates, without upgrading Axios to address GHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4.\n\n### Original Description\nA critical vulnerability exists in the form-data package used by `axios@1.10.0`. The issue allows an attacker to predict multipart boundary values generated using `Math.random()`, opening the door to HTTP parameter pollution or injection attacks.\n\nThis was submitted in [issue #6969](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6969) and addressed in [pull request #6970](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/6970).\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerable package `form-data@4.0.0` is used by `axios@1.10.0` as a transitive dependency. It uses non-secure, deterministic randomness (`Math.random()`) to generate multipart boundary strings.\n\nThis flaw is tracked under [Snyk Advisory SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150) and [CVE-2025-7783](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150).\n\nAffected `form-data` versions:\n- <2.5.4\n- >=3.0.0 <3.0.4\n- >=4.0.0 <4.0.4\n\nSince `axios@1.10.0` pulls in `form-data@4.0.0`, it is exposed to this issue.\n\n\n### PoC\n1. Install Axios: - `npm install axios@1.10.0`\n2.Run `snyk test`:\n```\nTested 104 dependencies for known issues, found 1 issue, 1 vulnerable path.\n\n✗ Predictable Value Range from Previous Values [Critical Severity]\nin form-data@4.0.0 via axios@1.10.0 > form-data@4.0.0\n\n```\n3. Trigger a multipart/form-data request. Observe the boundary header uses predictable random values, which could be exploited in a targeted environment.\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Vulnerability Type**: Predictable Value / HTTP Parameter Pollution\n- **Risk**: Critical (CVSS 9.4)\n- **Impacted Users**: Any application using axios@1.10.0 to submit multipart form-data\n\n\nThis could potentially allow attackers to:\n- Interfere with multipart request parsing\n- Inject unintended parameters\n- Exploit backend deserialization logic depending on content boundaries\n\n### Related Links\n[GitHub Issue #6969](https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6969)\n\n[Pull Request #xxxx](https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/xxxx) (replace with actual link)\n\n[Snyk Advisory](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150)\n\n[form-data on npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/form-data)",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "axios"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "1.10.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.11.0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "1.10.0" ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-rm8p-cx58-hcvx"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54371"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7783"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/axios/axios/issues/6969"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/6970"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/axios/axios"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FORMDATA-10841150"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-07-23T16:49:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-07-23T21:15:26Z"
  }
}