CVE-2025-46723: Openvm OpenVM Allows The Byte Decomposition Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-jf2r-x3j4-23m7
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CWE-131
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-46723 is a HIGH openvm allows the byte decomposition vulnerability (CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size) affecting Openvm libraries in the crates.io ecosystem. The issue involves openvm allows the byte decomposition of pc in auipc chip to overflow. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.1.0.

CVE-2025-46723 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-46723
GHSA Identifier GHSA-jf2r-x3j4-23m7
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Affected Product Openvm
Package Ecosystem crates.io
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-46723

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Openvm dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

openvm fixed: 1.1.0 
Upgrade openvm to 1.1.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for openvm

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-46723, inspect your project dependencies for Openvm:

inspect dependencies for openvm

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Openvm in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.1.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size, where the product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow. In Openvm, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The fix to https://cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-4fc6-aed1-de759fd29fa2/findings/21 has a typo that still results in the highest limb of `pc` being range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits. In the AIR, we do https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/0f94c8a3dfa7536c1231465d1bdee5fc607a5993/extensions/rv32im/circuit/src/auipc/core.rs#L135 ``` for (i, limb) in pc_limbs.iter().skip(1).enumerate() { if i == pc_limbs.len() - 1 { ``` It should be ``` for (i, limb) in pc_limbs.iter().enumerate().skip(1) { ``` Right now the if statement is never triggered because the enumeration gives `i=0,1,2` when we instead want `i=1,2,3`. What this means is that `pc_limbs[3]` is range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits. This leads to a vulnerability where the `pc_limbs` decomposition differs from the true `pc`, which means a malicious prover can make the destination register take a different value than the AUIPC instruction dictates, by making the decomposition overflow the BabyBear field.

CVE-2025-46723 Affected Openvm Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.1.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
openvm
 crates.io
≥ 1.0.0
< 1.1.0
All 1 versions
1.0.0
1.1.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-jf2r-x3j4-23m7
NVD — CVE-2025-46723 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46723
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/68da4b50c033da5603517064aa0a08e1bbf70a01
cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-... WEB
https://cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-4fc6-aed1-de759fd29fa2/findings/21
Openvm Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm
Openvm Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/0f94c8a3dfa7536c1231465d1bdee5fc607a5993/extensions/rv32im/circuit/src/auipc/core.rs#L135
Openvm Release RELEASE
https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.1.0

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-46723?
CVE-2025-46723 is a security vulnerability in Openvm involving OpenVM allows the byte decomposition of pc in AUIPC chip to overflow under CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size.
Which Openvm versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.1.0 across affected packages: openvm.
What version fixes CVE-2025-46723?
Upgrading to 1.1.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is openvm affected?
Yes, openvm is affected in releases prior to 1.1.0. Upgrade your dependency to 1.1.0 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-46723?
CVE-2025-46723 is classified under CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.).
How can I check crates.io dependencies for CVE-2025-46723?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for openvm'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-jf2r-x3j4-23m7",
  "modified" : "2025-05-05T19:57:09Z",
  "published" : "2025-05-05T19:57:09Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-46723" ],
  "summary" : "OpenVM allows the byte decomposition of pc in AUIPC chip to overflow",
  "details" : "The fix to https://cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-4fc6-aed1-de759fd29fa2/findings/21 has a typo that still results in the highest limb of `pc` being range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits.\n\nIn the AIR, we do https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/0f94c8a3dfa7536c1231465d1bdee5fc607a5993/extensions/rv32im/circuit/src/auipc/core.rs#L135\n```\n        for (i, limb) in pc_limbs.iter().skip(1).enumerate() {\n            if i == pc_limbs.len() - 1 {\n```\n\nIt should be\n```\n        for (i, limb) in pc_limbs.iter().enumerate().skip(1) {\n```\n\nRight now the if statement is never triggered because the enumeration gives `i=0,1,2` when we instead want `i=1,2,3`. What this means is that `pc_limbs[3]` is range checked to 8-bits instead of 6-bits.\n\nThis leads to a vulnerability where the `pc_limbs` decomposition differs from the true `pc`, which means a malicious prover can make the destination register take a different value than the AUIPC instruction dictates, by making the decomposition overflow the BabyBear field.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "openvm"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "1.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.1.0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "versions" : [ "1.0.0" ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/security/advisories/GHSA-jf2r-x3j4-23m7"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46723"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/commit/68da4b50c033da5603517064aa0a08e1bbf70a01"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://cantina.xyz/code/c486d600-bed0-4fc6-aed1-de759fd29fa2/findings/21"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/blob/0f94c8a3dfa7536c1231465d1bdee5fc607a5993/extensions/rv32im/circuit/src/auipc/core.rs#L135"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm/releases/tag/v1.1.0"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-131" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-05-05T19:57:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-05-02T23:15:16Z"
  }
}