CVE-2025-41235: Spring Framework Spring Cloud Gateway Server Forwards Vulnerability
HIGHCVE-2025-41235 is a HIGH (CVSS 8.6) spring cloud gateway server forwards vulnerability (CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')) affecting Spring Framework libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves spring cloud gateway server forwards headers from untrusted proxies. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.2.3, 4.1.8, 3.1.10.
CVE-2025-41235 at a Glance
Security Impact
CVSS: 8.6
The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N).
How to Fix CVE-2025-41235
To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Spring Framework dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server</artifactId>
<version>4.2.3</version>
</dependency><dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server</artifactId>
<version>4.1.8</version>
</dependency><dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server</artifactId>
<version>Latest secure release</version>
</dependency><dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server</artifactId>
<version>3.1.10</version>
</dependency><dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-server-mvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.3</version>
</dependency>Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:
mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloudHow to Check if You Are Affected
To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-41235, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:
mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloudAnalyze the terminal output to locate any version of Spring Framework in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.2.3), your application is affected.
Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.cloud command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.
Technical Details
Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis
This vulnerability is classified under CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling'), where the product acts as an intermediary http agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed http requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination. In Spring Framework, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.
Source Advisory Statement
CVE-2025-41235 Affected Spring Framework Versions
5 component(s)| Product / Package | Ecosystem | Affected Versions | Fixed Version |
|---|---|---|---|
|
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server
|
Maven |
≥ 4.2.0
< 4.2.3
|
4.2.3
|
|
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server
|
Maven |
≥ 4.1.0
< 4.1.8
|
4.1.8
|
|
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server
|
Maven |
≥ 4.0.0
≤ 4.0.9
|
|
|
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server
|
Maven |
< 3.1.10
|
3.1.10
|
|
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-mvc
|
Maven |
≥ 4.1.7
< 4.2.3
|
4.2.3
|
References
Frequently Asked Questions
What is CVE-2025-41235?
Which Spring Framework versions are affected?
What version fixes CVE-2025-41235?
Is spring-cloud-gateway-server affected?
Is spring-cloud-gateway-server-mvc affected?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-41235?
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-41235?
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-41235?
Machine-readable OSV JSON
OSV v1.5 Schema
{
"schema_version" : "1.4.0",
"id" : "GHSA-6j2q-c73v-97c5",
"modified" : "2025-07-28T20:34:06Z",
"published" : "2025-05-30T06:30:25Z",
"aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-41235" ],
"summary" : "Spring Cloud Gateway Server Forwards Headers from Untrusted Proxies",
"details" : "Spring Cloud Gateway Server forwards the X-Forwarded-For and Forwarded headers from untrusted proxies.",
"severity" : [ {
"type" : "CVSS_V3",
"score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N"
} ],
"affected" : [ {
"package" : {
"ecosystem" : "Maven",
"name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server"
},
"ranges" : [ {
"type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
"events" : [ {
"introduced" : "4.2.0"
}, {
"fixed" : "4.2.3"
} ]
} ]
}, {
"package" : {
"ecosystem" : "Maven",
"name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server"
},
"ranges" : [ {
"type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
"events" : [ {
"introduced" : "4.1.0"
}, {
"fixed" : "4.1.8"
} ]
} ]
}, {
"package" : {
"ecosystem" : "Maven",
"name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server"
},
"ranges" : [ {
"type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
"events" : [ {
"introduced" : "4.0.0"
}, {
"last_affected" : "4.0.9"
} ]
} ]
}, {
"package" : {
"ecosystem" : "Maven",
"name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server"
},
"ranges" : [ {
"type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
"events" : [ {
"introduced" : "0"
}, {
"fixed" : "3.1.10"
} ]
} ]
}, {
"package" : {
"ecosystem" : "Maven",
"name" : "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway-server-mvc"
},
"ranges" : [ {
"type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
"events" : [ {
"introduced" : "4.1.7"
}, {
"fixed" : "4.2.3"
} ]
} ]
} ],
"references" : [ {
"type" : "ADVISORY",
"url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41235"
}, {
"type" : "PACKAGE",
"url" : "https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-gateway"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://spring.io/security/cve-2025-41235"
} ],
"database_specific" : {
"cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-444" ],
"severity" : "HIGH",
"github_reviewed" : true,
"github_reviewed_at" : "2025-05-30T15:25:10Z",
"nvd_published_at" : "2025-05-30T06:15:26Z"
}
}