CVE-2025-34351: Ray Ray's New Token Authentication Is Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-gx77-xgc2-4888
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CWE-1188 CWE-304
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-34351 is a CRITICAL ray's new token authentication is vulnerability (CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default) affecting Ray libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves ray's new token authentication is disabled by default. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-34351 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-34351
GHSA Identifier GHSA-gx77-xgc2-4888
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Affected Product Ray
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-34351

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Ray dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

ray fixed: Latest secure release 
pip install ray>=Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show ray

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-34351, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show ray

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Ray in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show ray command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default, where the product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure. In Ray, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Anyscale Ray 2.52.0 contains an insecure default configuration in which token-based authentication for Ray management interfaces (including the dashboard and Jobs API) is disabled unless explicitly enabled by setting RAY_AUTH_MODE=token. In the default unauthenticated state, a remote attacker with network access to these interfaces can submit jobs and execute arbitrary code on the Ray cluster. NOTE: The vendor plans to enable token authentication by default in a future release. They recommend enabling token authentication to protect your cluster from unauthorized access.

CVE-2025-34351 Affected Ray Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
ray
pypi/ray
PyPI
≤ 2.52.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-w8vc-465m-jjw6
NVD — CVE-2025-34351 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34351
Ray Security Information SECURITY
https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-security/token-auth.html
Ray Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/ray-project/ray
Ray Release RELEASE
https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.52.0
CVE Official Record — CVE-2025-34351 CVE
https://www.cve.org/resourcessupport/allresources/cnarules#section_4-1_Vulnerability_Determination
www.linkedin.com/posts/jonathan-leit... WEB
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jonathan-leitschuh_the-latest-piece-of-mind-bending-research-activity-7396976425997606912-qizE
Ray Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oligo.security/blog/shadowray-2-0-attackers-turn-ai-against-itself-in-global-campaign-that-hijacks-ai-into-self-propagating-botnet
Ray Security Information SECURITY
https://www.oligo.security/blog/shadowray-attack-ai-workloads-actively-exploited-in-the-wild
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/anyscale... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/anyscale-ray-token-authentication-disabled-by-default-insecure-configuration

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-34351?
CVE-2025-34351 is a security vulnerability in Ray involving Ray's New Token Authentication is Disabled By Default under CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default.
Which Ray versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: ray.
What version fixes CVE-2025-34351?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is ray affected?
Yes, ray is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-34351?
CVE-2025-34351 is classified under CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default (The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-34351?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show ray'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-gx77-xgc2-4888",
  "modified" : "2025-12-01T20:51:10Z",
  "published" : "2025-11-27T03:30:26Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-34351" ],
  "summary" : "Ray's New Token Authentication is Disabled By Default",
  "details" : "Anyscale Ray 2.52.0 contains an insecure default configuration in which token-based authentication for Ray management interfaces (including the dashboard and Jobs API) is disabled unless explicitly enabled by setting RAY_AUTH_MODE=token. In the default unauthenticated state, a remote attacker with network access to these interfaces can submit jobs and execute arbitrary code on the Ray cluster. NOTE: The vendor plans to enable token authentication by default in a future release. They recommend enabling token authentication to protect your cluster from unauthorized access.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "ray"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "last_affected" : "2.52.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-w8vc-465m-jjw6"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34351"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-security/token-auth.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ray-project/ray"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.52.0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.cve.org/resourcessupport/allresources/cnarules#section_4-1_Vulnerability_Determination"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jonathan-leitschuh_the-latest-piece-of-mind-bending-research-activity-7396976425997606912-qizE"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.oligo.security/blog/shadowray-2-0-attackers-turn-ai-against-itself-in-global-campaign-that-hijacks-ai-into-self-propagating-botnet"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.oligo.security/blog/shadowray-attack-ai-workloads-actively-exploited-in-the-wild"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/anyscale-ray-token-authentication-disabled-by-default-insecure-configuration"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1188", "CWE-304" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-12-01T20:51:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-11-27T03:15:58Z"
  }
}