CVE-2025-25293: Ruby saml Denial of Service Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-92rq-c8cf-prrq
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CVSS 7.5
CWE-400 CWE-770
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-25293 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.5) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting Ruby saml libraries in the RubyGems ecosystem. The issue involves ruby saml allows remote denial of service (dos) with compressed saml responses. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.12.4, 1.18.0.

CVE-2025-25293 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-25293
GHSA Identifier GHSA-92rq-c8cf-prrq
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 7.5
CWE Classification CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Affected Product Ruby saml
Package Ecosystem RubyGems
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 7.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-25293

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Ruby saml dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

ruby-saml fixed: 1.12.4 
Upgrade ruby-saml to 1.12.4
ruby-saml fixed: 1.18.0 
Upgrade ruby-saml to 1.18.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for ruby-saml

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-25293, inspect your project dependencies for Ruby saml:

inspect dependencies for ruby-saml

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Ruby saml in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.12.4), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption, where the product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource. In Ruby saml, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary ruby-saml is susceptible to remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses. Ruby-saml uses zlib to decompress SAML responses in case they're compressed. It is possible to bypass the message size check with a compressed assertion since the message size is checked before inflation and not after. ### Impact This issue may lead to remote Denial of Service (DoS).

CVE-2025-25293 Affected Ruby saml Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.12.41.18.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
ruby-saml
gem/ruby-saml
RubyGems
< 1.12.4
1.12.4
ruby-saml
gem/ruby-saml
RubyGems
≥ 1.13.0
< 1.18.0
1.18.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-92rq-c8cf-prrq
GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
NVD — CVE-2025-25293 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25293
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e2da4c6dae7dc01a4d9cd221395140a67e2b3eb1
about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12... WEB
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
Ruby saml Security Information SECURITY
https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
Ruby saml Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml
Ruby saml Release RELEASE
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
Ruby saml Release RELEASE
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
Ruby saml Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25293.yml
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce... WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html
Ruby saml Security Information SECURITY
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0008
GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-355_ruby-saml

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-25293?
CVE-2025-25293 is a security vulnerability in Ruby saml involving Ruby SAML allows remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption.
Which Ruby saml versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.12.4, 1.18.0 across affected packages: ruby-saml.
What version fixes CVE-2025-25293?
Upgrading to 1.12.4, 1.18.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is ruby-saml affected?
Yes, ruby-saml is affected in releases prior to 1.12.4, 1.18.0. Upgrade your dependency to 1.12.4, 1.18.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-25293?
CVE-2025-25293 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-25293?
CVE-2025-25293 is classified under CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.).
How can I check RubyGems dependencies for CVE-2025-25293?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for ruby-saml'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-92rq-c8cf-prrq",
  "modified" : "2025-11-03T21:33:11Z",
  "published" : "2025-03-12T20:16:50Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-25293" ],
  "summary" : "Ruby SAML allows remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses",
  "details" : "### Summary\nruby-saml is susceptible to remote Denial of Service (DoS) with compressed SAML responses.\n\nRuby-saml uses zlib to decompress SAML responses in case they're compressed. It is possible to bypass the message size check with a compressed assertion since the message size is checked before inflation and not after.\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to remote Denial of Service (DoS).",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "RubyGems",
      "name" : "ruby-saml"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.12.4"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "RubyGems",
      "name" : "ruby-saml"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "1.13.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.18.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-92rq-c8cf-prrq"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25293"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e2da4c6dae7dc01a4d9cd221395140a67e2b3eb1"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/ruby-saml/CVE-2025-25293.yml"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0008"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-355_ruby-saml"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-400", "CWE-770" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-03-12T20:16:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-03-12T21:15:42Z"
  }
}