CVE-2025-25286: Islandora/crayfish Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-150 CWE-157
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-25286 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-150: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences) affecting Islandora/crayfish libraries in the Packagist ecosystem. The issue involves crayfish allows remote code execution via homarus authorization header. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 4.1.0.

CVE-2025-25286 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-25286
GHSA Identifier GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-150: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences
Affected Product Islandora/crayfish
Package Ecosystem Packagist
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-25286

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Islandora/crayfish dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

islandora/crayfish fixed: 4.1.0 
Upgrade islandora/crayfish to 4.1.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for islandora/crayfish

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2025-25286, inspect your project dependencies for Islandora/crayfish:

inspect dependencies for islandora/crayfish

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Islandora/crayfish in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 4.1.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-150: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences, where the product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component. In Islandora/crayfish, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact Remote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations. ### Patches The issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0` ### Workarounds The exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus. Configure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs. ### References - XBOW-024-071

CVE-2025-25286 Affected Islandora/crayfish Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
4.1.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
islandora/crayfish
 Packagist
< 4.1.0
4.1.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/security/advisories/GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw
NVD — CVE-2025-25286 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25286
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/commit/64cb4cec688928798cc40e6f0a0e863d7f69fd89
Islandora/crayfish Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-25286?
CVE-2025-25286 is a security vulnerability in Islandora/crayfish involving Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header under CWE-150: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences.
Which Islandora/crayfish versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 4.1.0 across affected packages: islandora/crayfish.
What version fixes CVE-2025-25286?
Upgrading to 4.1.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is islandora/crayfish affected?
Yes, islandora/crayfish is affected in releases prior to 4.1.0. Upgrade your dependency to 4.1.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-25286?
CVE-2025-25286 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-25286?
CVE-2025-25286 is classified under CWE-150: Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences (The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as escape, meta, or control character sequences when they are sent to a downstream component.).
How can I check Packagist dependencies for CVE-2025-25286?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for islandora/crayfish'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw",
  "modified" : "2025-02-13T16:49:25Z",
  "published" : "2025-01-15T22:04:19Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-25286" ],
  "summary" : "Crayfish allows Remote Code Execution via Homarus Authorization header",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\nRemote code execution may be possible in web-accessible installations of Homarus in certain configurations.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in `islandora/crayfish:4.1.0`\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThe exploit requires making a request against the Homarus's `/convert` endpoint; therefore, the ability to exploit is much reduced if the microservice is not directly accessible from the Internet, so: Prevent general access from the Internet from hitting Homarus.\n\nConfigure auth in Crayfish to be more strongly required, such that requests with `Authorization` headers that do not validate are rejected before the problematic CLI interpolation occurs.\n\n### References\n\n- XBOW-024-071",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "islandora/crayfish"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "4.1.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/security/advisories/GHSA-mm6v-68qp-f9fw"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25286"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish/commit/64cb4cec688928798cc40e6f0a0e863d7f69fd89"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/Islandora/Crayfish"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-150", "CWE-157" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-01-15T22:04:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-02-13T01:15:25Z"
  }
}