CVE-2025-1550: Keras Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
Share
CWE-94
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-1550 is a HIGH arbitrary code execution vulnerability (CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')) affecting Keras libraries in the PyPI ecosystem. The issue involves arbitrary code execution via crafted keras config for model loading. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 3.9.0.

CVE-2025-1550 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-1550
GHSA Identifier GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Affected Product Keras
Package Ecosystem PyPI
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-1550

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Keras dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

keras fixed: 3.9.0 
pip install keras>=3.9.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

pip show keras

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Python environment is affected by CVE-2025-1550, inspect your installed packages using pip:

pip show keras

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Keras in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 3.9.0), your application is affected.

Note: The pip show keras command checks currently installed packages in your active Python environment.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. In Keras, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact The Keras `Model.load_model` function permits arbitrary code execution, even with `safe_mode=True`, through a manually constructed, malicious `.keras` archive. By altering the `config.json` file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading. ### Patches This problem is fixed starting with version `3.9`. ### Workarounds Only load models from trusted sources and model archives created with Keras. ### References - https://www.cve.org/cverecord?id=CVE-2025-1550 - https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751

CVE-2025-1550 Affected Keras Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
3.9.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
keras
pypi/keras
PyPI
≥ 3.0.0
< 3.9.0
3.9.0

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
NVD — CVE-2025-1550 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1550
Keras Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/e67ac8ffd0c883bec68eb65bb52340c7f9d3a903
Keras Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/keras-team/keras
Keras Release RELEASE
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.9.0
Keras Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-122.yaml
towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1... WEB
https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-1550?
CVE-2025-1550 is a security vulnerability in Keras involving Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection').
Which Keras versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 3.9.0 across affected packages: keras.
What version fixes CVE-2025-1550?
Upgrading to 3.9.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is keras affected?
Yes, keras is affected in releases prior to 3.9.0. Upgrade your dependency to 3.9.0 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-1550?
CVE-2025-1550 is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.).
How can I check PyPI dependencies for CVE-2025-1550?
Run the dependency tree command: 'pip show keras'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp",
  "modified" : "2026-06-06T00:30:36Z",
  "published" : "2025-03-11T20:07:32Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-1550" ],
  "summary" : "Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\nThe Keras `Model.load_model` function permits arbitrary code execution, even with `safe_mode=True`, through a manually constructed, malicious `.keras` archive. By altering the `config.json` file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis problem is fixed starting with version `3.9`.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nOnly load models from trusted sources and model archives created with Keras.\n\n### References\n\n- https://www.cve.org/cverecord?id=CVE-2025-1550\n- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "PyPI",
      "name" : "keras"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "3.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "3.9.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1550"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/e67ac8ffd0c883bec68eb65bb52340c7f9d3a903"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.9.0"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-122.yaml"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-94" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-03-11T20:07:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}