CVE-2025-13166: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

LOW
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-xwj5-m236-f9hp
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CVSS 3.7
CWE-203
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-13166 is a LOW (CVSS 3.7) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-13166 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-13166
GHSA Identifier GHSA-xwj5-m236-f9hp
Severity LOW
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 3.7
CWE Classification CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 3.7

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability None (A:N)

How to Fix CVE-2025-13166

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-13166, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy, where the product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

The SMS OTP flow fails to adequately handle error messages, allowing an attacker to infer the existence of registered user accounts based on the responses received during the OTP initiation process. This weakness can be exploited by an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system. The impact is amplified for accounts that have not configured a mobile number, as the enumeration is specifically tied to this condition. The discovery of these usernames can facilitate subsequent brute force attacks, social engineering attempts, and information leakage, potentially leading to reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and regulatory non-compliance.

References

NVD — CVE-2025-13166 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13166
Software Security Information SECURITY
https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4353

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-13166?
CVE-2025-13166 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2025-13166?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-13166?
CVE-2025-13166 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.7 (LOW) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-13166?
CVE-2025-13166 is classified under CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy (The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-13166?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-xwj5-m236-f9hp",
  "modified" : "2026-09-15T12:31:44Z",
  "published" : "2026-09-15T12:31:44Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-13166" ],
  "details" : "The SMS OTP flow fails to adequately handle error messages, allowing an attacker to infer the existence of registered user accounts based on the responses received during the OTP initiation process.\n\nThis weakness can be exploited by an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system. The impact is amplified for accounts that have not configured a mobile number, as the enumeration is specifically tied to this condition. The discovery of these usernames can facilitate subsequent brute force attacks, social engineering attempts, and information leakage, potentially leading to reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and regulatory non-compliance.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13166"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4353"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-203" ],
    "severity" : "LOW",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-09-15T10:17:00Z"
  }
}