CVE-2025-12239: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-mqw5-rf2x-2m89
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CVSS 8.8
CWE-120 CWE-119
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-12239 is a HIGH (CVSS 8.8) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-12239 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-12239
GHSA Identifier GHSA-mqw5-rf2x-2m89
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.8
CWE Classification CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 8.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2025-12239

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-12239, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow'), where the product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

A weakness has been identified in TOTOLINK A3300R 17.0.0cu.557_B20221024. The impacted element is the function setDdnsCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Executing manipulation can lead to buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited.

References

vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.329909
NVD — CVE-2025-12239 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12239
Software Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/noahze01/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/TOTOLink/A3300R/setDdnsCfg.md
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?id.329909
vuldb.com/ WEB
https://vuldb.com/?submit.673721
www.totolink.net WEB
https://www.totolink.net

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-12239?
CVE-2025-12239 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow').
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2025-12239?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-12239?
CVE-2025-12239 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-12239?
CVE-2025-12239 is classified under CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') (The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-12239?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-mqw5-rf2x-2m89",
  "modified" : "2025-10-27T09:30:16Z",
  "published" : "2025-10-27T09:30:16Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-12239" ],
  "details" : "A weakness has been identified in TOTOLINK A3300R 17.0.0cu.557_B20221024. The impacted element is the function setDdnsCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Executing manipulation can lead to buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12239"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/noahze01/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/TOTOLink/A3300R/setDdnsCfg.md"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.329909"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?id.329909"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://vuldb.com/?submit.673721"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.totolink.net"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-119", "CWE-120" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-10-27T07:15:39Z"
  }
}