CVE-2025-11226: Logback core QOS.CH Logback-core Is Vulnerable To Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-25qh-j22f-pwp8
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CWE-20
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-11226 is a MODERATE qos.ch logback-core is vulnerable to vulnerability (CWE-20: Improper Input Validation) affecting Logback core libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves qos.ch logback-core is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution through file processing. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.5.19, 1.3.16.

CVE-2025-11226 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-11226
GHSA Identifier GHSA-25qh-j22f-pwp8
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
Affected Product Logback core
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-11226

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Logback core dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

ch.qos.logback:logback-core fixed: 1.5.19 
<dependency>
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.19</version>
</dependency>
ch.qos.logback:logback-core fixed: 1.3.16 
<dependency>
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.16</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=ch.qos.logback

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-11226, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=ch.qos.logback

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Logback core in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.5.19), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=ch.qos.logback command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation, where the product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. In Logback core, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

QOS.CH logback-core versions up to 1.5.18 contain an ACE vulnerability in conditional configuration file processing in Java applications. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code by compromising an existing logback configuration file or by injecting a malicious environment variable before program execution. A successful attack requires the Janino library and Spring Framework to be present on the user's class path. Additionally, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. Alternatively, the attacker could inject a malicious environment variable pointing to a malicious configuration file. In both cases, the attack requires existing privileges.

CVE-2025-11226 Affected Logback core Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.5.191.3.16
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
ch.qos.logback:logback-core
maven/ch.qos.logback/logback-core
Maven
≥ 1.4.0
< 1.5.19
1.5.19
ch.qos.logback:logback-core
maven/ch.qos.logback/logback-core
Maven
< 1.3.16
1.3.16

References

NVD — CVE-2025-11226 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11226
Logback core Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/issues/974
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/commit/61f6a2544f36b3016e0efd434ee21f19269f1df7
Logback core Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/qos-ch/logback
Logback core Release RELEASE
https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/releases/tag/v_1.5.19
logback.qos.ch/news.html WEB
https://logback.qos.ch/news.html#1.3.16
logback.qos.ch/news.html WEB
https://logback.qos.ch/news.html#1.5.19

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-11226?
CVE-2025-11226 is a security vulnerability in Logback core involving QOS.CH logback-core is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution through file processing under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation.
Which Logback core versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.5.19, 1.3.16 across affected packages: ch.qos.logback:logback-core.
What version fixes CVE-2025-11226?
Upgrading to 1.5.19, 1.3.16 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is logback-core affected?
Yes, ch.qos.logback:logback-core is affected in releases prior to 1.5.19, 1.3.16. Upgrade your dependency to 1.5.19, 1.3.16 or later.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-11226?
CVE-2025-11226 is classified under CWE-20: Improper Input Validation (The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-11226?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=ch.qos.logback'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-25qh-j22f-pwp8",
  "modified" : "2025-10-31T20:17:45Z",
  "published" : "2025-10-01T09:30:24Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-11226" ],
  "summary" : "QOS.CH logback-core is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution through file processing",
  "details" : "QOS.CH logback-core versions up to 1.5.18 contain an ACE vulnerability in conditional configuration file processing in Java applications. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code by compromising an existing logback configuration file or by injecting a malicious environment variable before program execution.\n\nA successful attack requires the Janino library and Spring Framework to be present on the user's class path. Additionally, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. Alternatively, the attacker could inject a malicious environment variable pointing to a malicious configuration file. In both cases, the attack requires existing privileges.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "ch.qos.logback:logback-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "1.4.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.5.19"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "ch.qos.logback:logback-core"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.3.16"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11226"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/issues/974"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/commit/61f6a2544f36b3016e0efd434ee21f19269f1df7"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/qos-ch/logback/releases/tag/v_1.5.19"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://logback.qos.ch/news.html#1.3.16"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://logback.qos.ch/news.html#1.5.19"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-20" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2025-10-21T21:10:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-10-01T08:15:31Z"
  }
}