CVE-2024-28117: Getgrav/grav Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) Vulnerability

HIGH
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-qfv4-q44r-g7rv
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CVSS 8.8
CWE-94
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2024-28117 is a HIGH (CVSS 8.8) server side template injection (ssti) vulnerability (CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')) affecting Getgrav/grav libraries in the Packagist ecosystem. The issue involves server side template injection (ssti). Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.7.45.

CVE-2024-28117 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2024-28117
GHSA Identifier GHSA-qfv4-q44r-g7rv
Severity HIGH
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.8
CWE Classification CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Affected Product Getgrav/grav
Package Ecosystem Packagist
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 8.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2024-28117

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Getgrav/grav dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

getgrav/grav fixed: 1.7.45 
Upgrade getgrav/grav to 1.7.45
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for getgrav/grav

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by CVE-2024-28117, inspect your project dependencies for Getgrav/grav:

inspect dependencies for getgrav/grav

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Getgrav/grav in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.7.45), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment. In Getgrav/grav, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Summary Grav validates accessible functions through the Utils::isDangerousFunction function, but does not impose restrictions on twig functions like twig_array_map, allowing attackers to bypass the validation and execute arbitrary commands. ### Details ``` {{ grav.twig.twig.getFunction('twig_array_map')|var_dump }} ``` ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46442697/281397674-6098806a-e936-4849-956e-d394a7c037da.png) When we accessed twig_array_map like this, we confirmed that the twigFunction object is properly returned. Since the callable property is correctly included, we can access twig_array_map without any restrictions. ``` {% set cmd = {'id':'system'} %} {{ twig_array_map(grav.twig.twig,cmd,'call_user_func')|join }} ``` Since there is no validation on twig_array_map itself, it is possible to call arbitrary function using call_user_func. ### PoC ``` {% set cmd = {'id':'system'} %} {{ twig_array_map(grav.twig.twig,cmd,'call_user_func')|join }} ``` ### Impact Twig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages. As the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance.

CVE-2024-28117 Affected Getgrav/grav Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.7.45
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
getgrav/grav
 Packagist
< 1.7.45
1.7.45

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-qfv4-q44r-g7rv
NVD — CVE-2024-28117 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28117
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/de1ccfa12dbcbf526104d68c1a6bc202a98698fe
Getgrav/grav Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/getgrav/grav

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2024-28117?
CVE-2024-28117 is a security vulnerability in Getgrav/grav involving Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection').
Which Getgrav/grav versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.7.45 across affected packages: getgrav/grav.
What version fixes CVE-2024-28117?
Upgrading to 1.7.45 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is getgrav/grav affected?
Yes, getgrav/grav is affected in releases prior to 1.7.45. Upgrade your dependency to 1.7.45 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-28117?
CVE-2024-28117 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (HIGH) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2024-28117?
CVE-2024-28117 is classified under CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.).
How can I check Packagist dependencies for CVE-2024-28117?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for getgrav/grav'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-qfv4-q44r-g7rv",
  "modified" : "2025-01-03T16:06:28Z",
  "published" : "2024-03-22T16:35:48Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2024-28117" ],
  "summary" : "Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)",
  "details" : "### Summary\nGrav validates accessible functions through the Utils::isDangerousFunction function, but does not impose restrictions on twig functions like twig_array_map, allowing attackers to bypass the validation and execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Details\n```\n{{ grav.twig.twig.getFunction('twig_array_map')|var_dump }}\n```\n![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/46442697/281397674-6098806a-e936-4849-956e-d394a7c037da.png)\n\nWhen we accessed twig_array_map like this, we confirmed that the twigFunction object is properly returned. Since the callable property is correctly included, we can access twig_array_map without any restrictions.\n\n```\n{% set cmd = {'id':'system'} %}\n{{ twig_array_map(grav.twig.twig,cmd,'call_user_func')|join }}\n```\nSince there is no validation on twig_array_map itself, it is possible to call arbitrary function using call_user_func.\n\n### PoC\n```\n{% set cmd = {'id':'system'} %}\n{{ twig_array_map(grav.twig.twig,cmd,'call_user_func')|join }}\n```\n\n### Impact\nTwig processing of static pages can be enabled in the front matter by any administrative user allowed to create or edit pages.\nAs the Twig processor runs unsandboxed, this behavior can be used to gain arbitrary code execution and elevate privileges on the instance.\n",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Packagist",
      "name" : "getgrav/grav"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.7.45"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-qfv4-q44r-g7rv"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28117"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/de1ccfa12dbcbf526104d68c1a6bc202a98698fe"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-94" ],
    "severity" : "HIGH",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2024-03-22T16:35:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2024-03-21T22:15:11Z"
  }
}