CVE-2024-27307: Jsonata JSONata Expression Can Pollute The Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-fqg8-vfv7-8fj8
CVSS 9.8
CWE-1321
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2024-27307 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) jsonata expression can pollute the vulnerability (CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')) affecting Jsonata libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves jsonata expression can pollute the "object" prototype. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.8.7, 2.0.4.

CVE-2024-27307 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2024-27307
GHSA Identifier GHSA-fqg8-vfv7-8fj8
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Affected Product Jsonata
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2024-27307

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Jsonata dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

jsonata fixed: 1.8.7
npm install jsonata@1.8.7
jsonata fixed: 2.0.4
npm install jsonata@2.0.4
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

npm ls jsonata

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2024-27307, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls jsonata

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Jsonata in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.8.7), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls jsonata command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), where the product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. In Jsonata, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Impact In JSONata versions `>= 1.4.0, < 1.8.7` and `>= 2.0.0, < 2.0.4`, a malicious expression can use the [transform operator](https://docs.jsonata.org/other-operators#-------transform) to override properties on the `Object` constructor and prototype. This may lead to denial of service, remote code execution or other unexpected behavior in applications that evaluate user-provided JSONata expressions. ### Patch This issue has been fixed in JSONata versions `>= 1.8.7` and `>= 2.0.4`. Applications that evaluate user-provided expressions should update ASAP to prevent exploitation. The following patch can be applied if updating is not possible. ```patch --- a/src/jsonata.js +++ b/src/jsonata.js @@ -1293,6 +1293,13 @@ var jsonata = (function() { } for(var ii = 0; ii < matches.length; ii++) { var match = matches[ii]; + if (match && (match.isPrototypeOf(result) || match instanceof Object.constructor)) { + throw { + code: "D1010", + stack: (new Error()).stack, + position: expr.position + }; + } // evaluate the update value for each match var update = await evaluate(expr.update, match, environment); // update must be an object @@ -1539,7 +1546,7 @@ var jsonata = (function() { if (typeof err.token == 'undefined' && typeof proc.token !== 'undefined') { err.token = proc.token; } - err.position = proc.position; + err.position = proc.position || err.position; } throw err; } @@ -1972,6 +1979,7 @@ var jsonata = (function() { "T1007": "Attempted to partially apply a non-function. Did you mean ${{{token}}}?", "T1008": "Attempted to partially apply a non-function", "D1009": "Multiple key definitions evaluate to same key: {{value}}", + "D1010": "Attempted to access the Javascript object prototype", // Javascript specific "T1010": "The matcher function argument passed to function {{token}} does not return the correct object structure", "T2001": "The left side of the {{token}} operator must evaluate to a number", "T2002": "The right side of the {{token}} operator must evaluate to a number", ``` ### References https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.0.4 ### Credit Thank you to Albert Pedersen of Cloudflare for disclosing this issue.

CVE-2024-27307 Affected Jsonata Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.8.72.0.4
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
jsonata
npm
≥ 1.4.0
< 1.8.7
1.8.7
jsonata
npm
≥ 2.0.0
< 2.0.4
2.0.4

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2024-27307?
CVE-2024-27307 is a security vulnerability in Jsonata involving JSONata expression can pollute the "Object" prototype under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution').
Which Jsonata versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.8.7, 2.0.4 across affected packages: jsonata.
What version fixes CVE-2024-27307?
Upgrading to 1.8.7, 2.0.4 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is jsonata affected?
Yes, jsonata is affected in releases prior to 1.8.7, 2.0.4. Upgrade your dependency to 1.8.7, 2.0.4 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-27307?
CVE-2024-27307 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2024-27307?
CVE-2024-27307 is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2024-27307?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls jsonata'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-fqg8-vfv7-8fj8",
  "modified" : "2024-03-06T21:36:55Z",
  "published" : "2024-03-04T20:43:12Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2024-27307" ],
  "summary" : "JSONata expression can pollute the \"Object\" prototype",
  "details" : "### Impact\n\nIn JSONata versions `>= 1.4.0, < 1.8.7` and `>= 2.0.0, < 2.0.4`, a malicious expression can use the [transform operator](https://docs.jsonata.org/other-operators#-------transform) to override properties on the `Object` constructor and prototype. This may lead to denial of service, remote code execution or other unexpected behavior in applications that evaluate user-provided JSONata expressions.\n\n### Patch\n\nThis issue has been fixed in JSONata versions `>= 1.8.7` and `>= 2.0.4`. Applications that evaluate user-provided expressions should update ASAP to prevent exploitation. The following patch can be applied if updating is not possible.\n\n```patch\n--- a/src/jsonata.js\n+++ b/src/jsonata.js\n@@ -1293,6 +1293,13 @@ var jsonata = (function() {\n                 }\n                 for(var ii = 0; ii < matches.length; ii++) {\n                     var match = matches[ii];\n+                    if (match && (match.isPrototypeOf(result) || match instanceof Object.constructor)) {\n+                        throw {\n+                            code: \"D1010\",\n+                            stack: (new Error()).stack,\n+                            position: expr.position\n+                        };\n+                    }\n                     // evaluate the update value for each match\n                     var update = await evaluate(expr.update, match, environment);\n                     // update must be an object\n@@ -1539,7 +1546,7 @@ var jsonata = (function() {\n                 if (typeof err.token == 'undefined' && typeof proc.token !== 'undefined') {\n                     err.token = proc.token;\n                 }\n-                err.position = proc.position;\n+                err.position = proc.position || err.position;\n             }\n             throw err;\n         }\n@@ -1972,6 +1979,7 @@ var jsonata = (function() {\n         \"T1007\": \"Attempted to partially apply a non-function. Did you mean ${{{token}}}?\",\n         \"T1008\": \"Attempted to partially apply a non-function\",\n         \"D1009\": \"Multiple key definitions evaluate to same key: {{value}}\",\n+        \"D1010\": \"Attempted to access the Javascript object prototype\", // Javascript specific \n         \"T1010\": \"The matcher function argument passed to function {{token}} does not return the correct object structure\",\n         \"T2001\": \"The left side of the {{token}} operator must evaluate to a number\",\n         \"T2002\": \"The right side of the {{token}} operator must evaluate to a number\",\n```\n\n### References\n\nhttps://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.0.4\n\n### Credit\n\nThank you to Albert Pedersen of Cloudflare for disclosing this issue.\n",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "jsonata"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "1.4.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.8.7"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "jsonata"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "2.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2.0.4"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/advisories/GHSA-fqg8-vfv7-8fj8"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27307"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/1d579dbe99c19fbe509f5ba2c6db7959b0d456d1"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/335d38f6278e96c908b24183f1c9c90afc8ae00c"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/c907b5e517bb718015fcbd993d742ba6202f2be2"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/tag/v2.0.4"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1321" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2024-03-04T20:43:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2024-03-06T20:15:47Z"
  }
}