CVE-2023-3597: Keycloak services Keycloak Secondary Factor Bypass Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
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CVSS 5.0
CWE-287 CWE-288
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-3597 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.0) keycloak secondary factor bypass vulnerability (CWE-287: Improper Authentication) affecting Keycloak services libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 22.0.10, 24.0.3.

CVE-2023-3597 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-3597
GHSA Identifier GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.0
CWE Classification CWE-287: Improper Authentication
Affected Product Keycloak services
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.0

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality Low (C:L)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix CVE-2023-3597

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Keycloak services dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.keycloak:keycloak-services fixed: 22.0.10 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.keycloak</groupId>
    <artifactId>keycloak-services</artifactId>
    <version>22.0.10</version>
</dependency>
org.keycloak:keycloak-services fixed: 24.0.3 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.keycloak</groupId>
    <artifactId>keycloak-services</artifactId>
    <version>24.0.3</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2023-3597, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Keycloak services in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 22.0.10), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-287: Improper Authentication, where when an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct. In Keycloak services, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.

CVE-2023-3597 Affected Keycloak services Versions

2 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
22.0.1024.0.3
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.keycloak:keycloak-services
maven/org.keycloak/keycloak-services
Maven
< 22.0.10
22.0.10
org.keycloak:keycloak-services
maven/org.keycloak/keycloak-services
Maven
≥ 23.0.0
< 24.0.3
24.0.3

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4
NVD — CVE-2023-3597 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2024:18... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2024:18... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867
access.redhat.com/errata/rhsa-2024:18... WEB
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868
Keycloak services Security Information SECURITY
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760
Keycloak services Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-3597?
CVE-2023-3597 is a security vulnerability in Keycloak services involving Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication under CWE-287: Improper Authentication.
Which Keycloak services versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 22.0.10, 24.0.3 across affected packages: org.keycloak:keycloak-services.
What version fixes CVE-2023-3597?
Upgrading to 22.0.10, 24.0.3 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is keycloak-services affected?
Yes, org.keycloak:keycloak-services is affected in releases prior to 22.0.10, 24.0.3. Upgrade your dependency to 22.0.10, 24.0.3 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-3597?
CVE-2023-3597 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.0 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-3597?
CVE-2023-3597 is classified under CWE-287: Improper Authentication (When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2023-3597?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.keycloak'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4",
  "modified" : "2024-08-07T12:31:28Z",
  "published" : "2024-04-17T17:31:50Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-3597" ],
  "summary" : "Keycloak secondary factor bypass in step-up authentication",
  "details" : "Keycloak does not correctly validate its client step-up authentication. A password-authed attacker could use this flaw to register a false second auth factor, alongside the existing one, to a targeted account. The second factor then permits step-up authentication.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "22.0.10"
      } ]
    } ]
  }, {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "23.0.0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "24.0.3"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/security/advisories/GHSA-4f53-xh3v-g8x4"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3597"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/aa634aee882892960a526e49982806e103c8a432"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-3597"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221760"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-287", "CWE-288" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2024-04-17T17:31:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2024-04-25T13:15:50Z"
  }
}