CVE-2023-34453: Snappy java Denial of Service Vulnerability

MODERATE
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-pqr6-cmr2-h8hf
CVSS 5.9
CWE-190
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2023-34453 is a MODERATE (CVSS 5.9) denial of service vulnerability (CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound) affecting Snappy java libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The issue involves snappy-java's integer overflow vulnerability in shuffle leads to dos. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 1.1.10.1.

CVE-2023-34453 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2023-34453
GHSA Identifier GHSA-pqr6-cmr2-h8hf
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 5.9
CWE Classification CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Affected Product Snappy java
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 5.9

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity High (AC:H)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity None (I:N)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2023-34453

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Snappy java dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

org.xerial.snappy:snappy-java fixed: 1.1.10.1
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.xerial.snappy</groupId>
    <artifactId>snappy-java</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.10.1</version>
</dependency>
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.xerial.snappy

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2023-34453, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.xerial.snappy

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Snappy java in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 1.1.10.1), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.xerial.snappy command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound, where the product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. this occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. when this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number. In Snappy java, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Summary Due to unchecked multiplications, an integer overflow may occur, causing a fatal error. ## Impact Denial of Service ## Description The function [shuffle(int[] input)](https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/05c39b2ca9b5b7b39611529cc302d3d796329611/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/BitShuffle.java#L107) in the file [BitShuffle.java](https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/master/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/BitShuffle.java) receives an array of integers and applies a bit shuffle on it. It does so by multiplying the length by 4 and passing it to the natively compiled shuffle function. ```java public static byte[] shuffle(int[] input) throws IOException { byte[] output = new byte[input.length * 4]; int numProcessed = impl.shuffle(input, 0, 4, input.length * 4, output, 0); assert(numProcessed == input.length * 4); return output; } ``` Since the length is not tested, the multiplication by four can cause an integer overflow and become a smaller value than the true size, or even zero or negative. In the case of a negative value, a “java.lang.NegativeArraySizeException” exception will raise, which can crash the program. In a case of a value that is zero or too small, the code that afterwards references the shuffled array will assume a bigger size of the array, which might cause exceptions such as “java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException”. The same issue exists also when using the “shuffle” functions that receive a double, float, long and short, each using a different multiplier that may cause the same issue. ## Steps To Reproduce Compile and run the following code: ```java package org.example; import org.xerial.snappy.BitShuffle; import java.io.*; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int[] original = new int[0x40000000]; byte[] shuffled = BitShuffle.shuffle(original); System.out.println(shuffled[0]); } } ``` The program will crash, showing the following error (or similar): ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0 at org.example.Main.main(Main.java:12) Process finished with exit code 1 ``` Alternatively - compile and run the following code: ```java package org.example; import org.xerial.snappy.BitShuffle; import java.io.*; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { int[] original = new int[0x20000000]; byte[] shuffled = BitShuffle.shuffle(original); } } ``` The program will crash with the following error (or similar): ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NegativeArraySizeException: -2147483648 at org.xerial.snappy.BitShuffle.shuffle(BitShuffle.java:108) at org.example.Main.main(Main.java:11) ```

CVE-2023-34453 Affected Snappy java Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
1.1.10.1
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
org.xerial.snappy:snappy-java
Maven
< 1.1.10.1
1.1.10.1

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-34453?
CVE-2023-34453 is a security vulnerability in Snappy java involving snappy-java's Integer Overflow vulnerability in shuffle leads to DoS under CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound.
Which Snappy java versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 1.1.10.1 across affected packages: org.xerial.snappy:snappy-java.
What version fixes CVE-2023-34453?
Upgrading to 1.1.10.1 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is snappy-java affected?
Yes, org.xerial.snappy:snappy-java is affected in releases prior to 1.1.10.1. Upgrade your dependency to 1.1.10.1 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-34453?
CVE-2023-34453 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.9 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2023-34453?
CVE-2023-34453 is classified under CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound (The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.).
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2023-34453?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.xerial.snappy'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-pqr6-cmr2-h8hf",
  "modified" : "2023-06-27T21:57:08Z",
  "published" : "2023-06-15T16:13:20Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2023-34453" ],
  "summary" : "snappy-java's Integer Overflow vulnerability in shuffle leads to DoS",
  "details" : "## Summary\nDue to unchecked multiplications, an integer overflow may occur, causing a fatal error.\n## Impact\nDenial of Service\n## Description\nThe function [shuffle(int[] input)](https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/05c39b2ca9b5b7b39611529cc302d3d796329611/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/BitShuffle.java#L107) in the file [BitShuffle.java](https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/master/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/BitShuffle.java) receives an array of integers and applies a bit shuffle on it. It does so by multiplying the length by 4 and passing it to the natively compiled shuffle function.\n\n```java\npublic static byte[] shuffle(int[] input) throws IOException {\n        byte[] output = new byte[input.length * 4];\n        int numProcessed = impl.shuffle(input, 0, 4, input.length * 4, output, 0);\n        assert(numProcessed == input.length * 4);\n        return output;\n    }\n\n```\n\nSince the length is not tested, the multiplication by four can cause an integer overflow and become a smaller value than the true size, or even zero or negative. In the case of a negative value, a “java.lang.NegativeArraySizeException” exception will raise, which can crash the program. In a case of a value that is zero or too small, the code that afterwards references the shuffled array will assume a bigger size of the array, which might cause exceptions such as “java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException”.\nThe same issue exists also when using the “shuffle” functions that receive a double, float, long and short, each using a different multiplier that may cause the same issue.\n\n## Steps To Reproduce\nCompile and run the following code:\n\n```java\npackage org.example;\nimport org.xerial.snappy.BitShuffle;\n\nimport java.io.*;\n\n\npublic class Main {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\n        int[] original = new int[0x40000000];\n        byte[] shuffled = BitShuffle.shuffle(original);\n        System.out.println(shuffled[0]);\n    }\n}\n\n```\nThe program will crash, showing the following error (or similar):\n\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0\n\tat org.example.Main.main(Main.java:12)\n\nProcess finished with exit code 1\n\n```\n\nAlternatively - compile and run the following code:\n\n```java\npackage org.example;\nimport org.xerial.snappy.BitShuffle;\n\nimport java.io.*;\n\n\npublic class Main {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\n        int[] original = new int[0x20000000];\n        byte[] shuffled = BitShuffle.shuffle(original);\n    }\n}\n\n```\nThe program will crash with the following error (or similar):\n\n```\nException in thread \"main\" java.lang.NegativeArraySizeException: -2147483648\n\tat org.xerial.snappy.BitShuffle.shuffle(BitShuffle.java:108)\n\tat org.example.Main.main(Main.java:11)\n```",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "Maven",
      "name" : "org.xerial.snappy:snappy-java"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "1.1.10.1"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "<= 1.1.10.0"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/security/advisories/GHSA-pqr6-cmr2-h8hf"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34453"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/commit/820e2e074c58748b41dbd547f4edba9e108ad905"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/05c39b2ca9b5b7b39611529cc302d3d796329611/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/BitShuffle.java#L107"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/master/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/BitShuffle.java"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-190" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2023-06-15T16:13:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2023-06-15T17:15:09Z"
  }
}