CVE-2020-28281: Set object value Prototype Pollution Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-4jj4-m52p-8rx3
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CVSS 9.8
CWE-1321
Published
Advisory Summary

CVE-2020-28281 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.8) prototype pollution vulnerability (CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')) affecting Set object value libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves prototype pollution in set-object-value. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 0.0.6.

CVE-2020-28281 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2020-28281
GHSA Identifier GHSA-4jj4-m52p-8rx3
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.8
CWE Classification CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Affected Product Set object value
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix CVE-2020-28281

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Set object value dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

set-object-value fixed: 0.0.6 
npm install set-object-value@0.0.6
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls set-object-value

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by CVE-2020-28281, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls set-object-value

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Set object value in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 0.0.6), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls set-object-value command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), where the product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype. In Set object value, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'set-object-value' versions 0.0.0 through 0.0.5 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

CVE-2020-28281 Affected Set object value Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
0.0.6
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
set-object-value
npm/set-object-value
npm
< 0.0.6
0.0.6

References

NVD — CVE-2020-28281 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28281
Set object value Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/react-atomic/react-atomic-organism/blob/e5645a2f9e632ffdebc83d720498831e09754c22/packages/lib/set-object-value/src/index.js#L16
www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-datab... WEB
https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28281

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2020-28281?
CVE-2020-28281 is a security vulnerability in Set object value involving Prototype pollution in set-object-value under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution').
Which Set object value versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 0.0.6 across affected packages: set-object-value.
What version fixes CVE-2020-28281?
Upgrading to 0.0.6 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is set-object-value affected?
Yes, set-object-value is affected in releases prior to 0.0.6. Upgrade your dependency to 0.0.6 or later.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2020-28281?
CVE-2020-28281 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2020-28281?
CVE-2020-28281 is classified under CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') (The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.).
How can I check npm dependencies for CVE-2020-28281?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls set-object-value'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-4jj4-m52p-8rx3",
  "modified" : "2021-04-07T22:31:58Z",
  "published" : "2021-04-13T15:24:08Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2020-28281" ],
  "summary" : "Prototype pollution in set-object-value",
  "details" : "Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'set-object-value' versions 0.0.0 through 0.0.5 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "set-object-value"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.0.6"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28281"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/react-atomic/react-atomic-organism/blob/e5645a2f9e632ffdebc83d720498831e09754c22/packages/lib/set-object-value/src/index.js#L16"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28281"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-1321" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2021-04-07T22:31:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2020-12-29T18:15:00Z"
  }
}